Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 16 1 2026 05 10 Identification of Effective Flexible Design Concepts for Affordable Housing through the Research by Design Method Identification of Effective Flexible Design Concepts for Affordable Housing through the Research by Design Method 1 26 27799 10.48311/bsnt.2025.74999.0 FA Aniseh Khayat Kholghy MSc in Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Neda Sadat Sahragard Monfared assistant professor of Iran university of science and technology 0000-0002-7459-4900 Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0719-6961 Journal Article 2025 08 08 <strong>Aims: </strong>Providing affordable housing for social groups is one of society’s most pressing challenges. A flexible approach with diverse solutions can facilitate housing affordability. This study adopts a design-based research method, aiming to identify the most effective flexible design concepts for affordable housing.<br><br><strong>Method: </strong>A mixed-method approach is used. First, components of flexible and affordable housing design were identified using a descriptive method, and their relationships were established within a goal-content framework serving as the study’s theoretical basis. Then, through “research through design” method, 12 case studies emphasizing flexibility in affordable housing analyzed based on this framework, resulting in the extraction and classification of 30 design ideas.<br><br><strong>Findings: </strong>The most frequently cited ideas in these case studies include “modular design and open structures” (under the structural systems category), and “dry connections of prefabricated components which allow for modifications and repairs,” (under connection systems). Based on the context, several ideas combined and enhanced to develop new design concepts.<br><br><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that the most impactful design concepts—based on the frequency of their influence on affordable housing components. Those listed as connecting repetitive modules to create divisible and expandable units that respond to social needs. Diverse configurations tailored to different sites for maximum utilization and adaptability. A core module with fixed and movable spaces to support variety and non-material needs. In addition, prefabricated modular structures integrated with vertical circulation elements and simple forms that harmonize with the surrounding environment. <strong>Aims: </strong>Providing affordable housing for social groups is one of society’s most pressing challenges. A flexible approach with diverse solutions can facilitate housing affordability. This study adopts a design-based research method, aiming to identify the most effective flexible design concepts for affordable housing.<br><br><strong>Method: </strong>A mixed-method approach is used. First, components of flexible and affordable housing design were identified using a descriptive method, and their relationships were established within a goal-content framework serving as the study’s theoretical basis. Then, through “research through design” method, 12 case studies emphasizing flexibility in affordable housing analyzed based on this framework, resulting in the extraction and classification of 30 design ideas.<br><br><strong>Findings: </strong>The most frequently cited ideas in these case studies include “modular design and open structures” (under the structural systems category), and “dry connections of prefabricated components which allow for modifications and repairs,” (under connection systems). Based on the context, several ideas combined and enhanced to develop new design concepts.<br><br><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that the most impactful design concepts—based on the frequency of their influence on affordable housing components. Those listed as connecting repetitive modules to create divisible and expandable units that respond to social needs. Diverse configurations tailored to different sites for maximum utilization and adaptability. A core module with fixed and movable spaces to support variety and non-material needs. In addition, prefabricated modular structures integrated with vertical circulation elements and simple forms that harmonize with the surrounding environment. https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_27799_a46e10627f49a5333cdcd0b700790f8b.pdf