Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 Impact of Geometric Indicators on Residential Thermal Behavior in Hot Arid Climate (Case Study: Yazd) Impact of Geometric Indicators on Residential Thermal Behavior in Hot Arid Climate (Case Study: Yazd) 143 148 832 FA M. Ghodsi Architecture Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Kh. Daneshjoo Architecture Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1624-7190 S.M. Mofidi Shemirani Architecture Department, Architecture & Environmental Design Faculty, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article The existence of a crisis such as a climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, due to the excessive consumption of energy and the share of buildings in it, is one of the global problems that is undeniable. On the other hand, the influence of geometric indicators on thermal behavior has been experienced over decades in the nature of animals and plants. Historically, Architects have always tried to create appropriate solutions with the intention of providing a comfort zone for human in line with the climate. Choosing the form and scales are from the solutions adopted. This study tries to study the contribution of each of the effective geometric indicators by using a software simulation method as well as being a step to provide the principles for choosing the volumes by architects and designers. With this purpose and with studying the previous researches, the most important indicators and used methods were identified and selected. 10 volumes including 5 simple volumes and 5 volumes of the compound that are more abundant among other residential forms, especially in hot and arid climate, were selected in four floors with residential use. The contribution of each geometric indicator has been investigated by simulating the thermal behavior of each volume in Autodesk Ecotect Analysis software and Design-Builder software. The simulation results indicate that after the form of the building, the relative compaction indicator, and then the proportion of the surface of the south facade are more important. In addition to geographic indicators, east-west orientation provides the optimal response to the total annual energy consumption of the building. The existence of a crisis such as a climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, due to the excessive consumption of energy and the share of buildings in it, is one of the global problems that is undeniable. On the other hand, the influence of geometric indicators on thermal behavior has been experienced over decades in the nature of animals and plants. Historically, Architects have always tried to create appropriate solutions with the intention of providing a comfort zone for human in line with the climate. Choosing the form and scales are from the solutions adopted. This study tries to study the contribution of each of the effective geometric indicators by using a software simulation method as well as being a step to provide the principles for choosing the volumes by architects and designers. With this purpose and with studying the previous researches, the most important indicators and used methods were identified and selected. 10 volumes including 5 simple volumes and 5 volumes of the compound that are more abundant among other residential forms, especially in hot and arid climate, were selected in four floors with residential use. The contribution of each geometric indicator has been investigated by simulating the thermal behavior of each volume in Autodesk Ecotect Analysis software and Design-Builder software. The simulation results indicate that after the form of the building, the relative compaction indicator, and then the proportion of the surface of the south facade are more important. In addition to geographic indicators, east-west orientation provides the optimal response to the total annual energy consumption of the building. https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_832_7250eb93b3c18cc9daa29cf58af7a004.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 A Digital Method For The Application Of Color In Muqarnas, Safavid Era A Digital Method For The Application Of Color In Muqarnas, Safavid Era 149 159 833 FA E. Heidarizadi Architecture Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran M.H. Kaboli Architecture Department, Dama-vand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran L. Zare Architecture Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Ornaments are inseparable elements of Iranian Architecture. They take a visual part in defining the quintessence of forms. Muqarnas, as one of these ornaments, stands on the summit of geometry and form of Iranian architecture. A multi-aspect study on Muqarnas is an important activity that can end to the construction of identifiable forms. The study of color, especially on the juxtaposition of colors in Muqarnas is in the scope of this paper. Color, as a vital element in visual perception, can arrange the taxonomy of forms. In comparison with other elements of form like shape, texture, and material, color is more independent in the way that it is not intertwined with non-visual elements like structure. This ends to a convenient application of color in contemporary forms. The juxtaposition of colors in Muqarnas of Safavid era is enquired in this paper; via this, a good tool for color patterns capable of creating Iranian original forms is provided. The quantitative method in the study and the comparison of frequencies of colors yields a quantitative color index applicable in identifiable forms. The data are collected on the field and two methods are applied for the analysis: visual and computational. The result is extracted on the basis of computer modeling and logical reasoning. Ornaments are inseparable elements of Iranian Architecture. They take a visual part in defining the quintessence of forms. Muqarnas, as one of these ornaments, stands on the summit of geometry and form of Iranian architecture. A multi-aspect study on Muqarnas is an important activity that can end to the construction of identifiable forms. The study of color, especially on the juxtaposition of colors in Muqarnas is in the scope of this paper. Color, as a vital element in visual perception, can arrange the taxonomy of forms. In comparison with other elements of form like shape, texture, and material, color is more independent in the way that it is not intertwined with non-visual elements like structure. This ends to a convenient application of color in contemporary forms. The juxtaposition of colors in Muqarnas of Safavid era is enquired in this paper; via this, a good tool for color patterns capable of creating Iranian original forms is provided. The quantitative method in the study and the comparison of frequencies of colors yields a quantitative color index applicable in identifiable forms. The data are collected on the field and two methods are applied for the analysis: visual and computational. The result is extracted on the basis of computer modeling and logical reasoning.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_833_013a006f03dbc5392effeb8f18fda755.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 Defining Sustainability Characteristics for Residential Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate (Case Study: Traditional Houses of Ahwaz) Defining Sustainability Characteristics for Residential Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate (Case Study: Traditional Houses of Ahwaz) 161 170 834 FA K. Attarian Architecture Department, Architecture & Urban Planning Faculty, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran B. SafarAli Najar Architecture Department, Architecture & Urban Planning Faculty, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran Journal Article All aspects of human life are related to environment and climate. The climate in many cases of human life has a significant impact, including architecture, food, clothing, customs and traditions. Undoubtedly, environmental comfort in built environment influenced by environmental and climatical conditions. Therefore, the man was forced to recognize the climatic conditions of their environment in order to use its facilities and dealing with it and confronting with it’s difficult to fit. Now a day, the importance in the study of climate and its emphasis in architecture, led to studies and research in this field. This article aims to understand the principles of climatical and sustainable architecture houses in Ahwaz and its purpose is to extract repeatable features to achieve the goals of sustainable architecture that are used on them. By understanding the applicability of the extracted values that can be found in the architecture of the past, we can achieve the kind of architecture that works as good as the previous architecture and responders the needs of today’s human. In this paper, examined the architectural climatical elements of residential buildings, Understanding the principles of design in warm and humid climate as the climate prevailing in this city, Introducing ten house of Ahwaz and finally, examined the hot and humid climatic architecture’s principles in samples is discussed. For the purpose of this research, describe-analyze method and library studies and visits samples was used. All aspects of human life are related to environment and climate. The climate in many cases of human life has a significant impact, including architecture, food, clothing, customs and traditions. Undoubtedly, environmental comfort in built environment influenced by environmental and climatical conditions. Therefore, the man was forced to recognize the climatic conditions of their environment in order to use its facilities and dealing with it and confronting with it’s difficult to fit. Now a day, the importance in the study of climate and its emphasis in architecture, led to studies and research in this field. This article aims to understand the principles of climatical and sustainable architecture houses in Ahwaz and its purpose is to extract repeatable features to achieve the goals of sustainable architecture that are used on them. By understanding the applicability of the extracted values that can be found in the architecture of the past, we can achieve the kind of architecture that works as good as the previous architecture and responders the needs of today’s human. In this paper, examined the architectural climatical elements of residential buildings, Understanding the principles of design in warm and humid climate as the climate prevailing in this city, Introducing ten house of Ahwaz and finally, examined the hot and humid climatic architecture’s principles in samples is discussed. For the purpose of this research, describe-analyze method and library studies and visits samples was used.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_834_301ad0e3bd5cb1627a2044908a42fdc2.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 Optimal Placement of Shadow Tools of Double-skin Facade with the Aim of Achieving Thermal Comfort in Hot Climate Optimal Placement of Shadow Tools of Double-skin Facade with the Aim of Achieving Thermal Comfort in Hot Climate 171 177 835 FA S.D. Hood Architecture Department, Semnan Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran M. Mahmoodi Zarandi Architecture Department, Technical Faculty, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran S. Kamyabi Energy & Sustainable Development Research Center, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran Journal Article During the energy crisis and the world’s attention to optimal energy consumption, especially in buildings, the walls of the buildings became one of the most important parts of the design process. In the first step, air locking and isolation of the walls were important in order to prevent the loss of energy. In the next steps, the need to get proper solar radiation in cold areas and the existence of a tool to prevent the entry of solar radiation in hot areas was raised. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the shading tool location and the optimal combination of glass layers in double skin facade in the warm and humid climate of Iran. The methodology for achieving this goal is to use computer simulations (Fluent software). In this study, different configurations of double skin facade have been investigated. During these surveys, the structure has been considered optimally in the Kish Climate Zone. Three different areas were investigated for the establishment of shaders; the findings of this study are presented as temperature and air flow diagrams and contours. The results of this research show that the most suitable place for the establishment of the shadow tool is the interior and back of the double skin façade. It was also found that the proper type of double skin facade, in order to prevent the optimum from increasing the internal temperature, includes a glass layer in the outer shell and a window with a double-glazed glass in the inner shell. In this paper, the “simulation and modeling research” method has been used. In this paper, the “simulation and modeling research” method has been used. In the software simulation and numerical analysis sections, the type of quantitative research is “analytic” research method and results are obtained based on “induction”. During the energy crisis and the world’s attention to optimal energy consumption, especially in buildings, the walls of the buildings became one of the most important parts of the design process. In the first step, air locking and isolation of the walls were important in order to prevent the loss of energy. In the next steps, the need to get proper solar radiation in cold areas and the existence of a tool to prevent the entry of solar radiation in hot areas was raised. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the shading tool location and the optimal combination of glass layers in double skin facade in the warm and humid climate of Iran. The methodology for achieving this goal is to use computer simulations (Fluent software). In this study, different configurations of double skin facade have been investigated. During these surveys, the structure has been considered optimally in the Kish Climate Zone. Three different areas were investigated for the establishment of shaders; the findings of this study are presented as temperature and air flow diagrams and contours. The results of this research show that the most suitable place for the establishment of the shadow tool is the interior and back of the double skin façade. It was also found that the proper type of double skin facade, in order to prevent the optimum from increasing the internal temperature, includes a glass layer in the outer shell and a window with a double-glazed glass in the inner shell. In this paper, the “simulation and modeling research” method has been used. In this paper, the “simulation and modeling research” method has been used. In the software simulation and numerical analysis sections, the type of quantitative research is “analytic” research method and results are obtained based on “induction”.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_835_4d5b995358e7798bc7e9d9db83c612a5.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 An Analysis of the Function of External Senasir Types and Their Effects on the Wind Flow in the Historical Part of Bushehr An Analysis of the Function of External Senasir Types and Their Effects on the Wind Flow in the Historical Part of Bushehr 179 186 836 FA H.R. Bahrani 1Architecture Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran E. Ranjbar Urbanism Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran S. Ahmadi Urbanism Department, Art & Architecture Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Bushehr has a valuable historical texture that is a very rich example of a coherent design with a climate from the macro level location to elements and architectural details. Based on the climatic challenges in the contemporary world, revising samples such as Bushehr can provide a basis for creativity in urban design and contemporary architecture. Given the ever-increasing advances in climate analysis, there is a need for a new insight into the analysis of urban spaces and architecture in the historical context of Bushehr. Senasir is one of the important elements in the climatic function, landscape and identity of the historical context of Bushehr. Most of the previous studies have considered this important element of Bushehr urban architecture from the sight of descriptive researches. The purpose of this paper is Senasir identifying and parametric analyzing to clarify its existential cause in terms of quantitative analysis. In this research, after studying the previous studies based on the content analysis method, the Senasir influence on the flow of winds based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Fluent and Gambit softwares has been investigated. Senasirs have a significant impact on wind speed and direction change. It introduces Senasir as a thermal comfort producer space in the historical context of Bushehr and its specific climatic conditions, especially in the warmer seasons. The result of this study in the accurate identification of the Senasir’s function can be the basis for design creativities tailored to the wind flow in cities in Iran. Bushehr has a valuable historical texture that is a very rich example of a coherent design with a climate from the macro level location to elements and architectural details. Based on the climatic challenges in the contemporary world, revising samples such as Bushehr can provide a basis for creativity in urban design and contemporary architecture. Given the ever-increasing advances in climate analysis, there is a need for a new insight into the analysis of urban spaces and architecture in the historical context of Bushehr. Senasir is one of the important elements in the climatic function, landscape and identity of the historical context of Bushehr. Most of the previous studies have considered this important element of Bushehr urban architecture from the sight of descriptive researches. The purpose of this paper is Senasir identifying and parametric analyzing to clarify its existential cause in terms of quantitative analysis. In this research, after studying the previous studies based on the content analysis method, the Senasir influence on the flow of winds based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Fluent and Gambit softwares has been investigated. Senasirs have a significant impact on wind speed and direction change. It introduces Senasir as a thermal comfort producer space in the historical context of Bushehr and its specific climatic conditions, especially in the warmer seasons. The result of this study in the accurate identification of the Senasir’s function can be the basis for design creativities tailored to the wind flow in cities in Iran.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_836_ab88b15733f543179858600245108dd8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 A Pattern for Retrofitting Unreinforced Brick Walls Using Steel Cable Technology A Pattern for Retrofitting Unreinforced Brick Walls Using Steel Cable Technology 187 194 837 FA M. Asefi Architecture Department, Architecture & Urbanism Faculty, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran M. Ahmadnejad Karimi Architecture Department, Architecture & Urbanism Faculty, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article Iran is one of the most earthquake-stricken countries that has suffered numerous earthquakes and casualties. One of the reasons for the mortality of masonry buildings is the inappropriate structure. One of the solutions is to retrofit and improve the structures of these buildings against the earthquake’s lateral force, which is less costly. Masonry buildings include a lot of buildings in the world. These structures are of high weight, low strength, and low shapeability, and vulnerable to earthquake; so, they should be strengthened. The main purpose of retrofitting is to reduce the vulnerability of the building to earthquake damage. In many modern retrofitting methods, inappropriate interference with the structure and architecture, especially visually, remains in conflict with the existing architecture and a factor for reducing its value. The aim of this study is to develop a new method for seismic retrofitting for unreinforced brick walls. In this research, we tried to retrofit these buildings using the technology of steel cables with the priority of expressing architectural quality considerations and eliminating many of the disadvantages of the previous methods, as well as taking into account the requirements for strengthening and retrofitting with principles and rules of balance for the protection of architectural buildings. At the end of this method, the numerical calculations on the proposed brick wall have been analyzed. The results show that the shear strength and, as a result, its seismic resistance increased to the typical one. Iran is one of the most earthquake-stricken countries that has suffered numerous earthquakes and casualties. One of the reasons for the mortality of masonry buildings is the inappropriate structure. One of the solutions is to retrofit and improve the structures of these buildings against the earthquake’s lateral force, which is less costly. Masonry buildings include a lot of buildings in the world. These structures are of high weight, low strength, and low shapeability, and vulnerable to earthquake; so, they should be strengthened. The main purpose of retrofitting is to reduce the vulnerability of the building to earthquake damage. In many modern retrofitting methods, inappropriate interference with the structure and architecture, especially visually, remains in conflict with the existing architecture and a factor for reducing its value. The aim of this study is to develop a new method for seismic retrofitting for unreinforced brick walls. In this research, we tried to retrofit these buildings using the technology of steel cables with the priority of expressing architectural quality considerations and eliminating many of the disadvantages of the previous methods, as well as taking into account the requirements for strengthening and retrofitting with principles and rules of balance for the protection of architectural buildings. At the end of this method, the numerical calculations on the proposed brick wall have been analyzed. The results show that the shear strength and, as a result, its seismic resistance increased to the typical one.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_837_b0b183c207f46f0cca7dc63b2604f5cc.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2322-4991 8 3 2018 11 22 Isfahan Green Dwelling, the Reflection of Energy Use Optimization on Quality of Life Isfahan Green Dwelling, the Reflection of Energy Use Optimization on Quality of Life 195 204 838 FA F.S. Mirmasoumi Department of Architecture, Architecture and Urbanism Faculty, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran M. Salavati Department of Architecture, Architecture and Urbanism Faculty, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran F. Ahmadi Department of Architecture & Urbanism, Architecture & Urbanism Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article This study has scrutinized the methods of optimizing the energy consumption in Isfahan dwelling, and how to provide the residents with comfort, well-being and satisfaction through green architecture. Given the excessive consumption of energy in Iran and also Hot and Arid climate of Isfahan, this essay has aimed at preservation of energy resources for future generations and boosting the quality of life for the dwellers by means of green architecture. This article, by revealing the notion of comfort, has confirmed that the ecological architecture would minimize the required energy through maximum use of natural desired conditions alongside protecting buildings from unfavorable climatic factors and would provide a part of energy within the natural way. As a result, comfort would be offered in the areas, in a more pleasant way. With the green architecture approach, studies on the historical houses in Isfahan indicate the desirability of life quality in these buildings through improving comfort by means of optimizing energy use. Nowadays, the urgency of developing sustainable behavior, including the management of energy resources, is evident. Considering the prominence of the users’ behaviors in achieving sustainable architecture goals, this paper, by putting basis to Maslow pyramid, has suggested two strategies, “training” and “resource management”, so as to promote sustainable behaviors. This research has been based on applied research methods, citing library studies and electronic resources. In the end, it has argued about how to select eco-friendly materials and has proposed utilizing recycled materials and reusing of waste in favor of green design. This study has scrutinized the methods of optimizing the energy consumption in Isfahan dwelling, and how to provide the residents with comfort, well-being and satisfaction through green architecture. Given the excessive consumption of energy in Iran and also Hot and Arid climate of Isfahan, this essay has aimed at preservation of energy resources for future generations and boosting the quality of life for the dwellers by means of green architecture. This article, by revealing the notion of comfort, has confirmed that the ecological architecture would minimize the required energy through maximum use of natural desired conditions alongside protecting buildings from unfavorable climatic factors and would provide a part of energy within the natural way. As a result, comfort would be offered in the areas, in a more pleasant way. With the green architecture approach, studies on the historical houses in Isfahan indicate the desirability of life quality in these buildings through improving comfort by means of optimizing energy use. Nowadays, the urgency of developing sustainable behavior, including the management of energy resources, is evident. Considering the prominence of the users’ behaviors in achieving sustainable architecture goals, this paper, by putting basis to Maslow pyramid, has suggested two strategies, “training” and “resource management”, so as to promote sustainable behaviors. This research has been based on applied research methods, citing library studies and electronic resources. In the end, it has argued about how to select eco-friendly materials and has proposed utilizing recycled materials and reusing of waste in favor of green design.

https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article_838_f9028faec74be6ec9b852b0a542e2f39.pdf