Elucidating a Conceptual Model for the Conservation of Qanats in Rural Landscapes: Insights from International Experiences and Documents

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Mohammadreza Bemanian 1
Mohsen Ahmadi 2
1 Professor of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
10.48311/bsnt.2025.1021
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual model for the conservation and sustainable development of qanats. In this regard, various dimensions, including physical, environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and managerial aspects of these water systems, have been examined. The ultimate goal is to provide a practical framework for integrating conservation policies into rural development programs.



Methods: The research follows a mixed-method approach based on a review of international documents, previous studies, and qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, to validate the conceptual model, the Delphi method was employed in two consecutive rounds with the participation of experts. The data analysis led to the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the conservation and sustainable development of qanats.



Findings: The findings indicate that the conservation of qanats requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach encompassing both tangible (physical, environmental, economic) and intangible (socio-cultural, managerial, policy-making) aspects. The Delphi method highlights the significance of physical conservation, sustainable water resource management, and the development of sustainable tourism. Additionally, local community participation, documentation, supportive policies, and sustainable financial resources play a crucial role in preserving these hydraulic structures.



Conclusion: The study presents a conceptual model emphasizing physical conservation, water resource management, sustainable tourism, local participation, and supportive policy-making, which can enhance conservation and development approaches in rural areas. The focus on both tangible and intangible aspects of qanats' role in the rural landscape constitutes the innovative aspect of this research compared to previous studies.

Keywords

Subjects

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