| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Based on the extent and diversity of architectural heritage in the world, protection and improvement of all aspects of a balance and at the same time is impossible. Therefore, planning should be a priority and recognize the necessity of objective logic based adoption as a decision criterion in the interventions carried out. This requires active cooperation of senior officials from various countries and environmental groups and organizations will be responsible for the maintenance and preservation of the cultural heritage of nations. The early twentieth century designers and manufacturers to cope with the devastating effects of the earthquake were willing to use reinforced concrete and steel. Because they feel they do not have earthquake load bearing masonry structures. New building regulations designed to challenge new perspective on historical masonry structures and calls. By nneglect the lack of effort and lack of support in the preservation, protection and improvement of ancient architectural monuments are protected. In this regard, many problems in the field of preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings as the following can occur: 1) Structural issues and system performance monuments bearing structure malicious agents disintegrative 2) Problems earthquakes, seismic and vibration tolerance zone for the establishment of the monument 3) Injuries and burnout and lack of structural elements of historical buildings 4) Holding the repair of technology and technical knowledge and strength of the structure, the architecture and facilities 5) Promoting afford protection issues and prevention of structural damage in the earthquake of 6) The necessity of strength and improvement of components exposed to disintegration and destruction of historic structures 7) Continuous detection and evaluation of deformations and cracking and failure of expansive 8) Evaluation of performance analysis and modeling and estimation of the possible collapse of historic buildings at risk of collapse 9) Issues, documentation and collection of historical documents of the past and description of interventions and classification of items to retrieve 10) The lack of knowledge of the components of historic structures such as foundations, walls and columns, domes and arches, ceilings and floors, minarets 11) The difficulty in making decisions on procedures such as insulation, injection, sewing, coating, increasing cross-pods and the replacement 12) The difficulty in identifying signs of wear such as spines, Sedimentation, rich exotic, infestation, fading out and cracking 13) The difficulty in diagnosis of mechanical failure (axial, shear, bending, and torsion), chemical agents (salts and acidic and alkaline solutions), physical factors (heat, cold, moisture, thawing and freezing, and drying) and especially to agent's earthquake vibration and impacts associated with it These problems, along with the need to preserve its authenticity and identity valuable works of architecture can be important for decision making and planning and restoration interventions have doubled. Failure, preventive measures (in conservation) and restoration measures (to improve the quality of buildings) must be provided. Such as ICOMOS intervention operations carried out in accordance with valid instructions. In other words, historical monuments effects of light, heat, humidity and vibration is compatible with performances by tapping them. Historic buildings in different climatic conditions during the summer and winter are common-use conditioner, but the problem lies in the way the traditions and culture of historic buildings as sustainable building tradition, learning from past lessons Such an active workshop training today's conventional technology for designers to fit in a positive sense and practice body architecture optimizes the relationship with the environment is correct for inspiration. Therefore, should adequate assessment of places and historical monuments and valuable enough attention to the risks and structural diversity of these monuments, interventions, planning, safety precautions, with timely assistance and financial capability to absorb appropriately recorded by supportive policies of the architectural heritage, in compliance with the technical guidelines and building codes; We can emergency measures and immediate, short-term and long-term protection and improvement regulate retrofitting. Geometric characteristics, context and connections between elements and components, the physical, chemical and mechanical material consumption, especially composite materials, the mechanical behavior of the complex and static loading, moving and seismic, especially the quantity and quality of masonry mortar consumption the underlying tissue and shear strength, compressive elements and details of the building, great importance in analyzing the vulnerability of historical structures, design of seismic retrofit and improve the stability of such buildings are affected. Apart from the pattern of vulnerability to the damage of such buildings when attending urban high-density tissue should be sufficient attention. We must tolerate extreme pressure and seismic survey of such buildings in terms of speed, acceleration and displacements resulting in structural members and materials used in historic buildings, assessment creep, consolidation orientation and meeting considered historical structures. Thus the masonry buildings affected by the devastating earthquakes in order to learn lessons for the future and gaining enough attention have to be paid. Of course, the connections and how to lock and dam masonry structures in seismic behavior of their members effectively. Even ornamentation and extensions to observe proper connections of structural members is effective in improving the seismic response. Defects or violation of the provision aims to protect, preserve, strengthen and restored Iran historic buildings of brick, index performance failure in the preservation of valuable architectural heritage of Iran's structural interventions. The problem of lack of integrity essential component of this building that is incompatible physical form, function, and technology is considered. Before any action with study and analysis of this valuable and precious; their architectural heritage compatible with the natural elements of the harm caused by natural factors have survived. Therefore inefficient and damaging some unnecessary interventions in the rehabilitation process, lack of codified rules, lack of awareness and lack of appropriate design patterns for efficient seismic protection and rehabilitation of historic structures will gain significantly. The present study sought to discover a pattern consistent with the seismic stability of buildings against earthquake risks specific to the Iranian plateau. For this purpose, the physical geometrical characteristics of historical buildings earthquake-prone areas of sustainable of brick medium and high relative earthquake acceleration were studied. With the overall historical standing of brick buildings of quantitative and qualitative characteristics and to determine the origin of the seismic context, physical dimensions of width, length, height and the calculation of the geometric proportions relative to the percentage of relative walls; the raw data acquired are research. The criteria for evaluation of the technical regulations 2800 earthquake in Iran, the world such as charters and regulations valid; FEMA, CHBC, ISCARSAH, ICOMOS, ICCOROM have been considered and analyzed by SPSS assess the reliability and validity of the data took place. SEM was model for seismic structural stability. Explaining the factors affecting the final structural equation model: the potential impact of seismic damage as the independent variable, dependent variable operating a direct effect on seismic resistance and seismic resistance through indirect factors as mediator; evaluation of the fitness measure direct and indirect relationships between those factors was performed and the seismic stability of historical buildings of brick and fitness with perfect reliability was adequate. This study can evaluate the criterion regulations, seismic design, seismic retrofitting and structural interventions Iran is of brick Iranian monuments. |
