Showing 9 results for Modernization
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
This article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the definitions of social modernism to address the issue of social innovation in the poetry of the two poets and what are the similarities and differences in each of the topics? The analysis of Baroudi's poetry suggests that he is taking advantage of the sophisticated taste as well as following the critics of the West to the affairs of the people and to correct the defects in society. Like Farrokhi Yazdi, he addresses issues such as central justice, homeland, despondency, attention to poverty, opposition to oppression and oppression, and invitation to studying science as one of the most important subjects of his poetry. The most important aspect of Baroudi's and Farrokhi's poetry's differences is that Farrokhi, as a responsible critic, deals more with the community and related issues, but in Baroudi's poetry, he makes imitation of modernization. However, with the advent of the Arab movement and the issue of exile, it is twisted within it and pursues a sharp eye and a sharp sensitivity to the social problems of its country.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2016)
Abstract
Land Reforms Program and abolishing feudalism as a part of Modernization in Iran and Russia are considered as one the most influent passages in social and political changes. Anton Chekhov in “The Cherry Orchard” and Akbar Radi in “The Magnificent Smile of Mr. Gill” are using the Land reforms and the fall of aristocracy in Iran and Russia as background and reveal the influences on characters of different social classes. These two dramas are based on authoritarian modernization in Era of Pahlavi II in Iran and Nicholas II in Russia which was done very quickly. Therefore these works can be used as appropriate references for comparative history studies about fall of landlords. Both works have a critical point of view to modernization. Both works create characters with identity crisis giving new dimension and revealing untold results of Authoritarian modernization what was ignored in history analyses. Analyzing the characters of both works prepares a process to follow the results of Identity crisis coming from modernization. This article, by comparative inquiring between plays and their historical contexts, attempts to trace a picture of critical conditions emanated from industrialization, decline of agriculture, and infrastructural alterations. The purpose of this comparative inquiry is to reveal how modernization programme result in alteration of the conditions of social classes, and in the identity crisis, which have been reflected in two Iranian and Russian plays created in similar contexts.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2013)
Abstract
The present study titled "the effects of social and economic modernization on the occurrence of the Constitutional Revoloution in Iran" seeks to present the economical and social innovation achieved during Qajar period and also discusses the role and effects of these innovations in encouraging Iranian people for political participation and overthrowing Qajar dynasty. this study shows that the innovations occurred during Qajar period caused changes on old customs and introduced modernism and new styles of social life. It also, taught new concepts like freedom and law to the Iranian people. Struggling to achieve the above goals and to protect the country, the people decided to become united. By establishing the parliament, they limited the power of the monarchy and made a way for people to participate in governing their country. Today this unity and interference is called political participation. The method of this research is historical comparative and the method of data gathering is library and documentary.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
The present article discuses the foundation of administrative reforms of Reza Shah, which have had positive and negative consequences. The presence and continuation of the culture of dictatorship, along with the despotic way and enforcement of personal whims, are some of those results. Another goal of this article is to show that despite of the little changes that took place in the way of reform, a true foundation in the administrative system of the country was not implemented. During that time too, undesirable and destructive characteristics of administrative system, like favoritism, familism, obedience, lack of trust, sycophancy, corruption, lawlessness and irrationality remained and sometimes were even strengthened.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2017)
Abstract
It is possible to cast studies on the formation of new schools in Iran into three categories: modernization, state-oriented, and anti-colonialist approaches. All these analyses, in general, are flawed, mainly due to reductionism, simplification of causes, or subject-oriented analysis. In these researches, historical complexities and details, usually, to be lacked, and in turn, a simplified explanation is rendered as the main factor of the emergence of new school in Iran. In looking for a more complicated narrative, we try to illustrate some effective forces through which the birth of new school has made possible. Although we never deny the importance of historical factors which are at the center of previous investigations, we content that new birth requires focus on a more broad discursive transformation in which the necessity for new education, not only by the state but also by the other part of society, is distinguished. Therefore, the birth of new school, in contest with the long-lasting religious and traditional Maktabs, cannot be analyzed by appealing to a final historical subject like the intelligentsia, Qajar state or Christian missioners, but historical necessities and new arrangement of historical forces. Cultivation of state (or Shah), mobilization of army and technologies, and finally, education of the nation, are three important elements in the course of this discourse. Based on a conjunctural analysis, in this article, we tried to shed light on the issue.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (10-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
This study examines One of the socio-cultural categories of contemporary Iranian history, The rate of early marriage for girls in in Tehran city During the last two decades of the Pahlavi regime. This article, In other words, With emphasis on the project of modernization of the second Pahlavi regime during the two decades of the forty-fifty, examines The effects of this modernization project on the Tehran city Focusing on the three indicators of urbanization, the social status of women, and the level of education and literacy in society, And then in the framework of the theory of modernization Analyzes the relationship between these components of the macro-scale transformation at the community level with one of the social phenomena, namely, the rate of early marriage among girls During the same period of time. The research method in this paper is a secondary analysis based on quantitative and qualitative data, in addition, Methods and Tools for the Data collection was the Library and Documentary study that was conducted by taking notes and Calculation of the Statistics and raw data. The findings imply as the second Pahlavi regime's efforts to modernize and develop in the Iranian society increased and as a result, urbanization, the social status of women, and the level of literacy in the urban community of Iran followed a rising trend, On the other hand, Reduced the Early marriage rates for girls.
Maryam Alighadr, Saeed Haqir,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aims: The yard has played a much more prominent role than ever. After the changes in the structure of the community, the house and yard changed. The present study investigates these changes and the reasons for their occurrence during the contemporary period.
Methods: The data collection is a documentary.
Findings: The results of the study indicate that in the past, the yard has been an organized element to the home, an element of light and ventilation of the spaces, a connector with nature, and providing a convenient space for family comfort and celebration. But the yard’s role today is merely the space between the house and the passage, the car movement, and sometimes the small gardens to make optimal use of the remaining areas of the motorway.
Conclusion: Due to society's changing social and cultural structures, resurrecting the same way traditional courtyard for today's society is in vain. The same traditional courtyards in the new urban design where the houses are overlapped have been changed to roof gardens that need to be in sight. These changes can be attributed to the developments in the Qajar era. Given these developments, the relationships and assumptions of the world of tradition were not capable of living in the contemporary world. All in all, modern man’s environmental perceptions changed. As the most relevant space to man, the house has undergone significant changes, and the yard, one of its most important spaces, has not been immune to these changes.
Mahdi Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi, Darab Diba,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2023)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.
Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.
Results: According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.
Conclusion: Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.
Volume 30, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Egypt’s direct political contact with France during Napoleon’s rule over it produced new circumstances which led to the emergence of new patterns and horizons of relationship. It heralded into a new era of cultural encounter with the West via France which inaugurated the process of modernization in Egypt. The process of modernization started earlier during the period of Napoleon’s rule, however it was fully re-appropriated later on by Muhammad Ali, the architect of modern Egypt. This development brought about the following salient features of modernization in Egypt. First, it was no more externally imposed in character. Second, the Egyptian rulers independently presided over the process as well as the outcomes of the modernization project. Third, it instilled a new sense of national identity and the idea of modern nation which culminated into the emergence of the idea of Egyptian nation and nationalism, and finally it transformed Egypt into a land of renaissance in the entire Arab world and thus helped Egypt in becoming center of regional power and power politics. Though this paper is about the role of Muhammad Ali in introducing modernization process in Egypt and its consequences but it also takes the wider views of the subject under consideration.
