ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ذﮐﺮ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ- ایرانی از ﻃﺮیق ﺑﺸﺎرت و اﻧﺬار؛ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮردی: ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ایران

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﻨﺮ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮان، ایران
چکیده
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺿﻤﻦ آن ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ از ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎی اﻫﻞ ﺧﻮیش اﺳﺖ، در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﺧﺎص و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻧﺪیشه ﻫﺎی آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ﺑﺪین ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان یک ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﺘﺬﮐﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ دیدﮔﺎه اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺣﺲ ﺣﻀﻮر اﻟﻬﯽ یا ﻫﻤﺎن ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﻬﯽ را ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺘﺬﮐﺮ ﺷﻮد. ذﮐﺮ در اینجا یادآوری ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪا در ﻗﻠﺐ و ذﻫﻦ اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻟﺤﻈﻪﻫﺎی زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ داﺷﺘﻦ آن ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ذﮐﺮ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ- ایرانی از ﻃﺮیق ﺑﺸﺎرت و اﻧﺬار ﺑﻮد. در این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ از ﻗﺮآن و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﺮح، ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ آیات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ واژهﻫﺎی ذﮐﺮ، ﺑﺸﯿﺮ و ﻧﺬیر اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ- ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮایی ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ، ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ.

ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺑﺸﺎرت و اﻧﺬار وﺟﻮد دارد و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﻧﺬار ﺑﺮای ایجاد ﺗﺬﮐﺮ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺑﺸﺎرت اﺳﺖ. در راﺑﻄﻪ ذﮐﺮ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮیق ﺑﺸﺎرت و اﻧﺬار ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﺘﺬﮐﺮ را ﺑﺮای ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺬﮐﺮ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ، ﺳﻄﺢ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺬار، ﺳﻄﺢ دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺸﺎرت و اﻧﺬار و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻮم ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﺎرت اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ این ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در آیات ﻗﺮآن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ اﮔﺮ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری را ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﺣﺮﮐﺖ و ﺳﮑﻮن ﺑﺪاﻧﯿﻢ، اﻧﺬار ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ و ﺑﺸﺎرت ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﺳﮑﻮن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد. ﺑﺪین ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻃﯿﻔﯽ از اﻧﺬار ﺗﺎ ﺑﺸﺎرت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﻄﺮحﺷﺪه، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﻧﻬﺎیت ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎی آراﻣﺶ و ﺳﮑﻮن ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ، ﺳﻄﺤﯽ از اﺣﺴﺎس ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﺣﺲ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﺮای ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ادراک ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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