ارتقای حیات مدنی براساس وق فنامه مسجد-مدرسه سپهسالار (شهید مطهری) در گستره میدان بهارستان

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺗﻬﺮان، ایران
چکیده
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎارزش، ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ، ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻪ وﺣﺪت، اﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺎریخی، ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و آیندهﻧﮕﺮی و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﯿﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺴﺠﺪ- ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺳﭙﻬﺴﺎﻻر (ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺲ در ﺳﺎل ۱۲۹۶ﻗﻤﺮی) یکی از این ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی "ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ" اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺣﯿﺎت ﺧﻮد اداﻣﻪ داده و در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺪید و ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﻣﺮوزی رﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. این ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ درایت و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﯿﺮزا ﺣﺴﯿﻦﺧﺎن ﺳﭙﻬﺴﺎﻻر ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ و ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﺎت ﮐﻪ از ﺷﺎﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻋﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر و ﻗﺮن ﺳﯿﺰدﻫﻢ ﻗﻤﺮی اﺳﺖ، اﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﻗﻒ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﯽﻣﻬﺮی ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﻘﺎی ﺣﯿﺎت ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وﻗﻒ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ- ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺳﭙﻬﺴﺎﻻر (ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﻣﻄﻬﺮی) در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﯿﺪان ﺑﻬﺎرﺳﺘﺎن و دﺳﺖیابی ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻧﺠﺎتﺑﺨﺸﯽ این ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ایدهﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﺮحﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد.

ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ- ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺳﭙﻬﺴﺎﻻر ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻟﮕﻮیی در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﻣﺪرن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ دوﻟﺖ در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ رﻓﺎه ﻣﺮدم ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ. آیندهﻧﮕﺮی در ﻣﺪیریت ﺷﻬﺮی ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در آﺷﻨﺎیی ﺑﺎ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺧﻮیش و ﻫﻤﻜﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ باید ﻗﻠﺐ و ﮐﺎﻧﻮن روحﺑﺨﺶ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮیت آﻓﺮین و ﺗﻔﮑﺮﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻼت ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻻزم اﺳﺖ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺑﺎﺷﮑﻮهﺗﺮین و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮین ﻧﻤﺎد ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻋﻈﻤﺖ را ﺑﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺖ و ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ ﺗﻮام ﻧﻤﺎیند. ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪریزان، ﺑﺪون آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از اﺻﻮل اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ایجاد یک "ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ" ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺻﻮل اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Sahab A. History of Sepahsalar high school. Tehran: Unknown publication; 1950. [Persian]
Bozorgnia Z. Iranian architects: From the early era of Islam to the late Qajar. Tehran: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization Publication; 2004. p. 237. [Persian]
Kiani MY. Iranian architecture of the Islamic period. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Samt; 2000. p. 137. [Persian]
Bastanirad H. Baharestan in the history. Tehran: Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament; 2011. [Persian]
Adamiyyat F. The idea of progress and the rule of law, Sepahsalar era. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Kharazmi; 1977. p. 6. [Persian]
Ayatollah Zadeh Shirzai B. Isfahan School Meeting: Proceedings of Architecture and Urban Planning. Tehran: Iranian Academy of Arts; 2008. [Persian]
Naghizadeh M. Islamic urban design and architecture (The pretical bases). Isfahan: Rahiyan; 2006. p. 506. [Persian]
Mortaza H. Traditional Islamic principles of built environment. Meshkini A, Habibi K, Farjami A, Tabarsa MA, Hamzehee M, Poosti SA, et al, translators. Tehran: Center of Study and Research on Urbanism and Architecture; 2008. [Persian]
Jafariyan R. Islamic monuments of Mecca and Madina. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Mash'ar; 2010. p. 238. [Persian]
Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khaldun. Introduction of Ibn Khaldun. Parvin Gonabadi M, translator. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publication Company; 1996. p. 689. [Persian]
Hillenbrand R. Islamic architecture: Form, function, and meaning. Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi B, translator. Tehran: Rozaneh; 2001. p. 173. [Persian]
Noghrekar AH. An Introduction to Islamic Identity in Architecture. Tehran: Payam Sima Design and Publishing Company: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Urban Architecture and Design Office; 2008. [Persian]
Hadaegh Ibn Yusef Shirazi. Library catalog of Sepahsalar high school. Tehran: Majles; 1934. [Persian]
Adamiyyat F. Public services and other innovations. In: Adamiyyat F. The idea of progress and the rule of law, Sepahsalar era. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Kharazmi; 1977. pp. 448-59. [Persian]
Al-Allama al-Hilli. Dignity platform to know Imamate (Minhaj al-karama fi ma'rifat al-imama). Mobarak AR, editor. Mashhad: Tasou'a; 2000. p. 113. [Arabic]
Ghadre Velayat Cultural Institute. The history of the West's cultural invasion and the role of the affiliated intellectuals. 3rd Volume. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Ghadre Velayat; 1998. [Persian]
Taheri FH. Urban elements of traditional Islamic cities [Dissertation]. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1980.
Habibi M. From city to city: Historical analysis of city concept and its physical appearance, thinking and effects. Tehran: Tehran of University; 2005. p. 42. [Persian]
Einifard AR. The dominant role of early general patterns in the design of contemporary residential districts. Honar Ha Ye Ziba. 2007;32(32):39-50. [Persian]
Salour GM, Saloor M, Afshar I. The newspaper of Eyn al-Ssaltaneh memories. Tehran: Asatir; 1995. p. 708. [Persian]
Farahmand J. Sepahsalar mosque and school. Tehran: Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies. Unknown Year. [cited 2016 May 20] Available from: https://bit.ly/2SOEChC
Hamedani RF. Waqf nameh Rabe Rashidi. Minavi M, Afshar I, editors. Tehran: National Phenomena Association; 1977. [Persian]
Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kulayni al-Razi AJ. The sufficient book (Kitab al-Kafi). 4th Volume. Tehran: Islamieh; 1989. [Persian]
Ahari Z, Habibi SM. Baharestan square: Experience of innovation in urban space of Iran. Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau; 2014. p. 55. [Persian]