ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی پایداری اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ در اﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﯽ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب (ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮردی: ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﻫﻮاز)

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺟﻨﺪی ﺷﺎﭘﻮر، دزﻓﻮل، ایران
چکیده
ﭼﮑﻴﺪه ﺗﻤﺎم اﺑﻌﺎد زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ او در ارﺗﺒﺎط اﺳﺖ. اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮراک، ﭘﻮﺷﺎک و ﺣﺘﯽ آداب و رﺳﻮم ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ﺑﺪون ﺷﮏ آﺳﺎیش زیستی در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع اﻧﺴﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮایط ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاین اﻧﺴﺎن ﻧﺎﮔﺰیر ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺮایط اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ آن در ﺷﺮایط ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺮای ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺮوزه اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آن در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎیی در این زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ درک اﺻﻮل ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان یک ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺪف آن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ویژﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﮑﺮار در راﺳﺘﺎی دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﭘﺎیدار اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﻓﻬﻢ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدیﺑﻮدن ارزشﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺨﺮاجﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪای از ﻣﻌﻤﺎری دﺳﺖ یاﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮی ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﻣﺮوز اﺳﺖ. در این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ در این ﺷﻬﺮ، ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ده ﺧﺎﻧﻪ از اﻫﻮاز و در ﻧﻬﺎیت ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺻﻮل ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮردی ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮد و از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزدید و ﺣﻀﻮر در ﺑﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺶ اﺻﻞ ﭘﺎیداری در ده ﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﻮاردی از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎﻓﺖ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻀﺎی ﺧﺎﻟﯽ و ﭘﺮ، ایوان، درونﮔﺮایی، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ایجاد ﺳﺎیه و اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎی ﺳﺒﺰ، ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮی، ﺗﻬﻮیه ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮده‌اﻧﺪ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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