Volume 11, Issue 3 (2021)
Naqshejahan 2021, 11(3): 33-48 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Abodollahzadeh S M, Heidari S, Einifar A. The investigation of thermal adaptation in apartments in hot and dry climate: A study on thermal comfort and thermal behavior in apartments in Shiraz. Naqshejahan 2021; 11 (3) :33-48
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-48707-en.html
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-48707-en.html
1- PhD Candidate in architecture, University of Teharn
2- School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran ,shheidari@ut.ac.ir
3- a School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran ,
3- a School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (2922 Views)
Aims: Based on the thermal adaptation concept, an individual adaptation at physiological, psychological, and behavioral levels can be effective in providing residential thermal comfort, consuming energy, and designing building. The present study was, therefore, aimed to investigate the thermal adaptation in residential apartments of Shiraz, Iran by determining thermal comfort range, priority of thermal behavior, and causes of thermal dissatisfaction of the residents.
Methods: The quantitative research method was performed by using the survey of thermal comfort, behavioral priority, and thermal dissatisfaction factors. The correlation between the variables was then, analyzed. Thermal adaptation was further investigated through analytical and inferential methods.
Results:While thermal comfort range was found to be higher than the international standards, 45% of the respondent's dissatisfaction was reported to be due to the lack of proper climatic design. Both clothes change and cooling system use as the first, and opening the windows as the second priorities of thermal behavior in hot season. Drawing curtains, closing doors and windows, and clothes change, however, were the respective priorities in winter, which vindicates the priority of using passive approaches in cold season. The effect of season on both behavior and reactive behavior were further investigated.
Conclusion:The higher thermal comfort range and neutral temperature found in comparison to those reported in standards, as well as the study of either reactive or interactive behaviors and seasonal habits of residents vindicated the individuals' thermal adaptation. Using aforementioned items in building design has significant effects on improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption.
Methods: The quantitative research method was performed by using the survey of thermal comfort, behavioral priority, and thermal dissatisfaction factors. The correlation between the variables was then, analyzed. Thermal adaptation was further investigated through analytical and inferential methods.
Results:While thermal comfort range was found to be higher than the international standards, 45% of the respondent's dissatisfaction was reported to be due to the lack of proper climatic design. Both clothes change and cooling system use as the first, and opening the windows as the second priorities of thermal behavior in hot season. Drawing curtains, closing doors and windows, and clothes change, however, were the respective priorities in winter, which vindicates the priority of using passive approaches in cold season. The effect of season on both behavior and reactive behavior were further investigated.
Conclusion:The higher thermal comfort range and neutral temperature found in comparison to those reported in standards, as well as the study of either reactive or interactive behaviors and seasonal habits of residents vindicated the individuals' thermal adaptation. Using aforementioned items in building design has significant effects on improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Highperformance Architecture
Received: 2020/12/28 | Accepted: 2021/02/14 | Published: 2021/11/10
Received: 2020/12/28 | Accepted: 2021/02/14 | Published: 2021/11/10
References
1. Hong T, Yan D, D'Oca S, Chen CF. Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture. Building and Environment. 2017 Mar 1;114:518-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006 [Article] [DOI]
2. D’Oca S, Hong T, Langevin J. The human dimensions of energy use in buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018 Jan 1;81:731-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.019 [Article] [DOI]
3. Delzendeh E, Wu S, Lee A, Zhou Y. The impact of occupants’ behaviours on building energy analysis: A research review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017 Dec 1;80:1061-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.264 [Article] [DOI]
4. Stazi F, Naspi F, D'Orazio M. A literature review on driving factors and contextual events influencing occupants' behaviours in buildings. Building and Environment. 2017 Jun 1;118:40-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.021 [Article] [DOI]
5. Buso T, Fabi V, Andersen RK, Corgnati SP. Occupant behaviour and robustness of building design. Building and Environment. 2015 Dec 1;94:694-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.11.003 [Article] [DOI]
6. Bahaj AS, James PA. Urban energy generation: The added value of photovoltaics in social housing. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2007 Dec 1;11(9):2121-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.007 [Article] [DOI]
7. Sonderegger RC. Movers and stayers: the resident's contribution to variation across houses in energy consumption for space heating. Energy and buildings. 1978 Apr 1;1(3):313-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(78)90011-7 [Article] [DOI]
8. Maier T, Krzaczek M, Tejchman J. Comparison of physical performances of the ventilation systems in low-energy residential houses. Energy and Buildings. 2009 Mar 1;41(3):337-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.10.007 [Article] [DOI]
9. Hong T, Taylor-Lange SC, D’Oca S, Yan D, Corgnati SP. Advances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Energy and buildings. 2016 Mar 15;116:694-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.052 [Article] [DOI]
10. Milne GR. The energy implications of a climate-based indoor air temperature standard in Standards for thermal comfort: indoor air temperature standards for the 21st century. Ed. Nicol JF, Humphreys MA, Sykes O and Roaf S. 1995. [Article]
11. Brager GS, De Dear RJ. Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review. Energy and buildings. 1998 Feb 1;27(1):83-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00053-4 [Article] [DOI]
12. Luo M, Wang Z, Brager G, Cao B, Zhu Y. Indoor climate experience, migration, and thermal comfort expectation in buildings. Building and Environment. 2018 Aug 15;141:262-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.047 [Article] [DOI]
13. Wohlwill J.F. Behavioral response and adaptation to environmental stimulation in: A. Damon (Ed.). Physiological Anthropology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge. MA. 1975. pp. 20.5-334. [Article]
14. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE Handbook: Refrigeration systems and applications. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers; Atlanta. 2017. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/ashrae-handbook/description-2017-ashrae-handbook-fundamentals [Article]
15. Heidari S. Thermal comfort temperature of people of Tehran. Iran. jounal of fine arts-Architectural and urbanisim. 2011(38). https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=97328 [Article]
16. Humphreys MA. Clothing and comfort of secondary school children in summertime. Thermal comfort and moderate heat stress, proceedings of CIB commission W45 (Human Requirements).London. 1972. [Article]
17. Humphreys, M. A. Field studies of thermal comfort compared and applied. Building Service Engineer.1976; 44: 5-27. [Article]
18. Nicol F. Thermal comfort: a handbook for field studies toward an adaptive model. London: University of East London; 1993.
19. Zomorodian ZS, Aminian S, Tahbaz M. Thermal Comfort Assessment in Classrooms in the Hot and Dry Climate of Iran Field Survey in a Primary School of Kashan. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi. 2017 Feb 19;21(4):17-28. 10.22059/jfaup.2017.61653
20. Yao R, Liu J, Li B. Occupants’ adaptive responses and perception of thermal environment in naturally conditioned university classrooms. Applied Energy. 2010 Mar 1;87(3):1015-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.028
21. ter Mors S, Hensen JL, Loomans MG, Boerstra AC. Adaptive thermal comfort in primary school classrooms: Creating and validating PMV-based comfort charts. Building and Environment. 2011 Dec 1;46(12):2454-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.05.025
22. Hussein I, Rahman. M.H.A. Field study on thermal comfort in Malaysia.2009. dsdsdsshttp://dspace.uniten.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/6457
23. DeDear R, Brager G, Cooper D. Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference: final report [on] ASHRAE RP-884. Macquarie Research Limited; 1997.
24. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq2p9c6.
25. de Dear R, Fountain M. Field experiments on occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a hot-humid climate.1994. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97n1d8hd
26. Auliciems A. Towards a psycho-physiological model of thermal perception. International journal of biometeorology. 1981 Jun 1;25(2):109-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02184458
27. Auliciems A. Airconditioning in Australia III—thermobile controls. Architectural Science Review. 1990 Jun 1;33(2):43-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1990.9696669
28. Veitch R, Arkkelin D. Environmental psychology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Pearson College Division; 1995.
29. Nikolopoulou M, Steemers K. Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy and Buildings. 2003 Jan 1;35(1):95-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00084-1
30. Oseland N.A., Humphreys M.A., Nicol J.F., Baker N.V., Parsons K.C. Building design and management for thermal comfort: BRE Client Report CR 203/98, Building Research Establishment Ltd, Watford, United Kingdom.1998.
31. Haldi F, Robinson D. On the behaviour and adaptation of office occupants. Building and environment. 2008 Dec 1;43(12):2163-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.01.003
32. Parsons K. Human thermal environments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance. CRC press; 2014 Apr 9.
33. Jung W, Jazizadeh F. Human-in-the-loop HVAC operations: A quantitative review on occupancy, comfort, and energy-efficiency dimensions. Applied Energy. 2019 Apr 1;239:1471-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.070
34. Stazi F, Naspi F. Triggers for Users’ Behaviours. InImpact of Occupants' Behaviour on Zero-Energy Buildings 2018 (pp. 19-29). Springer, Cham.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71867-5_4
35. Pisello AL, Castaldo VL, Piselli C, Fabiani C, Cotana F. How peers’ personal attitudes affect indoor microclimate and energy need in an institutional building: Results from a continuous monitoring campaign in summer and winter conditions. Energy and Buildings. 2016 Aug 15;126:485-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.053
36. Andersen RV, Toftum J, Andersen KK, Olesen BW. Survey of occupant behaviour and control of indoor environment in Danish dwellings. Energy and Buildings. 2009 Jan 1;41(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.07.004
37. Steemers K, Manchanda S. Energy efficient design and occupant well-being: Case studies in the UK and India. Building and environment. 2010 Feb 1;45(2):270-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.08.025
38. Howard-Reed C, Wallace LA, Ott WR. The effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2002 Feb 1;52(2):147-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470775
39. Schweiker M, Haldi F, Shukuya M, Robinson D. Verification of stochastic models of window opening behaviour for residential buildings. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2012 Jan 1;5(1):55-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2011.567422
40. Nakaya T, Matsubara N, Kurazumi Y. Use of occupant behaviour to control the indoor climate in Japanese residences. InProceedings of conference: Air Conditioning and the Low Carbon Cooling Challenge, Windsor, UK 2008 Jul 27 (pp. 27-29). http://nceub.org.uk.
41. Roetzel A, Tsangrassoulis A, Dietrich U, Busching S. A review of occupant control on natural ventilation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010 Apr 1;14(3):1001-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.005
42. Hetherington J, Roetzel A, Fuller R. The impact of occupant behaviour on residential greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Journal of Green Building. 2015;10(4):127-40. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.4.127
43. Heidari S. Thermal comfort in Iranian courtyard housing (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10239/
44. Nasrollahi N, Hatami M, Khastar SR, Taleghani M. Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate. Sustainable cities and society. 2017 Nov 1;35:449-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.017
45. Heidari S. Thermal Adaptation in Architecture; First Step of Energy Saving. City: University of Tehran Press. 2014.
46. Heidari S, Sharples S. A comparative analysis of short-term and long-term thermal comfort surveys in Iran. Energy and Buildings. 2002 Jul 1;34(6):607-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00011-7
47. Hashemi Rafsanjani L, Heidari S. Evaluating adaptive thermal comfort in residential buildings in hot-arid climates Case study: Kerman province. Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry climate. 2018; 6(7):43-65. 10.29252/ahdc.2018.1422
48. Giamalaki M, Kolokotsa D. Understanding the thermal experience of elderly people in their residences: Study on thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors of senior citizens in Crete, Greece. Energy and Buildings. 2019 Feb 15;185:76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.12.025
49. Heydarian A, McIlvennie C, Arpan L, Yousefi S, Syndicus M, Schweiker M, Jazizadeh F, Rissetto R, Pisello AL, Piselli C, Berger C. What drives our behaviors in buildings? A review on occupant interactions with building systems from the lens of behavioral theories. Building and Environment. 2020 May 13:106928.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |