Investigating the Effect of Changing the Transmitted Light’s Color on Thermal and Visual Comfort

نویسندگان
Mohammad Haghshenas 1
MohammadReza Bemanian 2
Zahra Ghiabaklou 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Associate Professor, Department of Energy and Architecture, University College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
چکیده
Thermal comfort is one of the key factors for achieving energy saving in the buildings. In the survey of
thermal comfort, psychological aspects are as important as the physical parameters such as temperature
and relative humidity. If thermal comfort could be achieved by using non–physical parameters, a
significant energy and cost would be saved. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of changing
the color of inward daylight (into cool/warm), on sensation of thermal and visual comfort. This study was
conducted to answer these questions: to what extent can the lights, which are traditionally called cool and
warm, cause the real sensation of cold and heat? What is their influence on thermal and visual comfort?
And what is the effect of changing the color of transmitted light on the occupant’s sensation of
illumination? Research method is descriptive–analytical; in this study, thermal and visual effects of
changing the color of inward light from the windows is surveyed, by using questionnaires, in three
naturally ventilated high–schools; and the results were compared with the outputs of PMV simulation
analysis. The results show that changing the inward light to a cool color (blue) and a warm color (red)
resulted in a difference of 0.33°C in the sensation of thermal comfort. Moreover, the AMV in all cases had
a neutral temperature below the PMV’s neutral temperature which was simulated by the software. In
lower illuminance levels (lower than 300 lux) blue light aroused more visual satisfaction; but in higher
illuminance levels (more than 300 lux), simple windows produced the best visual satisfaction. Red light
produced the least visual satisfaction amongst these three. While, blue and red glazing generated better
distribution of light in the room, than the witness group.
[1] ASHRAE, A. H.; Fundamentals; American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air–Conditioning Engineers; Atlanta.
2005, 8.1.
[2] Al–Sanea, Sami A., and Zedan, M.F.; Optimized monthly–fixed thermostat–setting scheme for maximum energy–savings and thermal comfort in air–conditioned spaces; Applied Energy; 2008, 85 (5), 326–346.
[3] Stramler, C. S., Kleiss, J. A., and Howell, W. C.; Thermal sensation shifts induced by physical and psychological means. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1983, 68(1), 187.
[4] Albers, J.; Interaction of color; Yale University Press, 2006: 59–60.
[5] Kruithof A.A.; Tubular luminescence lamps for general illumination; Philips Technical Review; 1941, Vol.6, No.3, 65–73.
[6] Atson S.M. and Bellchambers H.E.; Illumination, color rendering and visual clarity; Lighting Research and Technology; 1969, Vol.1, No.4: 259–261.
[7] Willoughby A.H.; New Lamps: Their Suitability for Interior Lighting; Lighting Research and Technology; 1974, Vol.6, No.1, 1–8.
[8] Wake T.; The effects of illuminance, color temperature and color rendering index of light sources upon conformable visual environments—in the case of office; Journal of Light & Visual Environment; 1977, Vol.1, No.2, 31–39.
[9] Yoon, In; The effect of spectral power distribution of sources on brightness perception part 2. Comparison of brightness in wide vision between 4 kinds of lighting sources; Proceedings of annual conference of Architectural Institute of Japan (A.I.J.); 1995, 461–462.
[10] Fanger P.O., Breum N.O., and Jerking E.; Can colour and noise influence man’s thermal comfort?; Ergonomics; 1977, Vol.20, No.1, 8–11.
[11] Nicol, F., Humphreys, M., and Roaf, S.; 2012; Adaptive thermal comfort: Principles and practice. Routledge.
[12] Greenea, T.C., and Bella P.A.; 1980; Additional considerations concerning the effects of ‘warm’ and ‘cool’ wall colours onenergy conservation; Ergonomics; Vol.23, No.10, 949–54.
[13] Laurentin, C., Bermtto, V., and Fontoynont, M.; Effect of thermal conditions and light source type on visual comfort appraisal; International Journal of Lighting Research and Technology; 2000, Vol. 32, No. 4, 223–33.
[14] Nakamura, H. and Oki M.; Influence of air temperature on preference for color temperature of general lighting in the room; Journal of the Human–Environment System; 2002, Vol. 4, No. 1, 41–47.
[15] Kakitsuba N., Moyoshi M., Nakamura H., Inagaki T., and Horikoshi, T.; Evaluation on preferred color temperatures combined with room air temperatures from psychological and physiological responses. Part 2. Seasonal change in preferred color temperatures at 200lx; Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of A.I.J.); 2000, Vol. 532, 87–92.
[16] Kakitsuba N., Nakamura H., Inagaki T., and Horikoshi, T.; Evaluation on preferred color temperatures combined with room air temperatures from psychological and physiological responses. Part 1 seasonal change in preferred color temperatures at 1,500 lx; Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of A.I.J.); 2000, Vol. 528, 67–73.
[17] Ishi M., and Kakitsuba N.; Preferred Color Temperatures at 200 lx during Exposure to Cool or Warm Environments for Middle–Aged Female Subjects; Journal of the Human–Environment System; 2003, Vol.6, No.2, 93–100.
[18] Cajochen C, Munch M, Kobialka S, Krauchi K, Steiner R, Oelhafen P, Orgul S, and Wirz–Justice A.; High Sensitivity of Human Melatonin, Alertness, Thermoregulation, and Heart Rate to Short Wavelength Light; The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism; 2005, 90(3), 1311–1316.
[19] Winzen J., Albers F., and Marggraf–Micheel C.; The influence of coloured light in the aircraft cabin on passenger thermal comfort; Lighting Research and Technology; 2014, Vol. 46, 465–475.
[20] Albers F, Maier J, and Marggraf–Micheel C; In search of evidence for the hue–heat hypothesis in the aircraft cabin; Lighting Research and Technology; 2014, Vol.0, 1–12.
[21] Djongyang, N., Tchinda, R., and Njomo, D.; Thermal comfort: A review paper; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2010, 14(9), 2626–2640.
[22] Mishra, A. K., and Ramgopal, M.; Field studies on human thermal comfort—an overview; Building and Environment; 2013, 64, 94–106.
[23] Taleghani, M., Tenpierik, M., Kurvers, S., and van den Dobbelsteen, A.; A review into thermal comfort in buildings; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2013, 26, 201–215.
[24] Rupp, R. F., and Ghisi, E.; What is the most adequate method to assess thermal comfort in hybrid commercial buildings located in hot-humid summer climate?; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2014, 29, 449-462.
[25] Yau, Y. H., and Chew, B. T.; Thermal comfort study of hospital workers in Malaysia. Indoor air; 2009, 19(6), 500–510.
[26] Simone, A., Olesen, B. W., Stoops, J. L., and Watkins, A. W.; Thermal comfort in commercial kitchens (RP–1469): Procedure and physical measurements (Part 1); HVAC&R Research; 2013, 19(8), 1001–1015.
[27] Toftum, J. R., Kolarik, J., Belkowska, D., and Olesen, B. W.; Influence on Occupant Responses of Behavioral Modification of Clothing Insulation in Nonsteady Thermal Environments (RP–1269). HVAC&R Research; 2010, 16(1), 59–74.
[28] Schiavon, S., Hoyt, T., and Piccioli, A.; Web application for thermal comfort visualization and calculation according to ASHRAE Standard 55; Building Simulation; 2014, Vol. 7, No. 4, 321–334.
[29] Naghizade, Abbas and Nemati, Ali; A Survey of Height and Weight of Ardebilan boys aged 7–19 years and comparison of them with NCHS reference population and other Studies in Iran; Science and Technology magazine; 2008, 8(1, 2), 118–128.
[30] DuBois D., and DuBois, E.F.; A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known; Archives of internal medicine; 1916, Vol. XVII; No. 6–2, 863–871.