بازخوانی خانه های تاریخی شهر شیراز با تاکید بر جایگاه مولفه های طبیعی در حیات قرآنی

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز
2 مدرس گروه معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز
3 مدیر عامل مهندسین مشاور پادیاو مهراز شارستان
چکیده
تعالیم اسلامی انسان را به عنوان جانشین خداوند تبارک و تعالی در زمین معرفی می‌نماید. بنابراین انسان خلیفه‌الله باید در پی تجلّی‌دادن کیفیاتی باشد که به ایجاد محیط مناسبی برای زندگی انسان و توسعه زمین بینجامد. انسان در برخورد با پدیده‌ها و همینطور اعمال خویش باید اصولی را مرعی دارد که اهم آنها از طبیعت نیز (به عنوان خلق الهی) قابل استنباط و استنتاط هستند و از جمله مهم‌ترین آنها رعایت عدل است. برای شناخت مبانی تفکری که حفاظت از طبیعت و عناصر طبیعی را در جامعه‌ای به عنوان یک فرهنگ و باوری قوی ایجاد می‌کند، توجه به منابع و مأخذ اصلی آن تفکر ضرورت دارد. در مواجهه و تماس با طبیعت و عناصر طبیعی یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع فرهنگ ایرانی قرآن کریم است که تعالیم آن جهت‌دهنده و کمال‌بخشنده فرهنگ ایرانی بوده‌است. آیات قرآن و احادیث و تعالیم پرحکمت اسلامی همواره طبیعت و عناصر آن را مهم و قابل توجه دانسته‌است و فقه شیعه نیز بر حکم تحریم شرعی در مورد استفاده ناروا از طبیعت تفاسیر متعدد داشته‌است.

مقاله حاضر ضمن بیان مؤلفه‌های هویت طبیعی مؤثر در معماری و تأکید آیات و روایات قرآنی بر هریک از آنها به عنوان متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق در «حیات»، به بیان جایگاه این مؤلفه‌ها در معماری مسکونی ایرانی اسلامی و به ویژه «حیاط» می‌پردازد و برای نمونه خانه‌های تاریخی دوره‌های زندیه، قاجاری و پهلوی در شیراز مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. همچنین راهکارهایی برای دوران کنونی بیان می‌گردد تا حیات طیبه اسلامی مورد توجه اندیش‌ورزان قرار گیرد. روش‌تحقیق این مقاله، کیفی است و روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به صورت مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی می‌باشد. نتایج حاصله حاکی از آن است که بین آیات قرآنی و احادیث و توجه به «حیات» و «مسأله سکونت در معماری مسکونی ایرانی‌اسلامی» می‌توان رابطه‌ای دانست که با توجه به مؤلفه‌های هویت طبیعی هر اقلیم این مسأله خود را بروز می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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