ﺗﻔﺤﺼﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻀﺎ و ﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻌﻼی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ایﺮاﻧﯽ

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ دﺑﯿﺮ ﺷﻬﯿﺪ رﺟﺎیﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان، ایﺮان
چکیده
اﻫﺪاف: ﻓﻀﺎ اﺳﺎﺳﯽﺗﺮیﻦ وﺟﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻘﺎی آن ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﺎی ﻣﮑﺎن واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺣﺲ ﻓﻀﺎ، ﻣﮑﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﺰدیﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ دارﻧﺪ. ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان یﮑﯽ از ﺣﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ ﻫﻨﺮ دارای ﺟﺎیﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﮑﺎن و ﻓﻀﺎ در ﺣﻮزه ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان یﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از ادﺑﯿﺎت ایﻦ دو وﺟﻪ اﻧﺪیﺸﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﮑﺎن و ﻓﻀﺎ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آﻧﺎن در روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، اﺳﺎﺳﯽﺗﺮیﻦ ﻻزﻣﻪ درک ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و اﺳﺘﻌﻼیﯽﺷﺪن ﺣﺲ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﺎن در ایﺠﺎد ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، از اﻫﺪاف ایﻦ ﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

اﺑﺰار و روشﻫﺎ: روش ایﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﻨﺎد ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮ در ایﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ را در ایﻦ اﻣﺮ یﺎری ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺌﻮال ﭘﯿﺶ رو آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺣﺲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ و ﺟﺎیﮕﺎه ﻣﮑﺎن در ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دارد؟ یﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: یﮏ ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری وﻗﺘﯽ زیﺒﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺖﻫﺎی ویﮋه ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﻓﻀﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ایﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﻗﺪیﻤﯽ مشهود است.

ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻔﯿﺪ در ﺣﺲ ﻣﮑﺎن و ﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ را در ایﺠﺎد ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﺎیﺪ و اﻧﺮژی ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد را در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻌﻤﺎر درآورد و از آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺖ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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