معناشناسی در آثار معماری از منظر اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
1 ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻓﻨﯽ و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻗﻢ، ﻗﻢ، ایﺮان
2 ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻢ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ایﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان، ایﺮان
چکیده
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻃﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ "ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری"، ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن در ایﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﺮیﻪای ﺟﺪیﺪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻌﻨﺎی آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان "ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ" ارایﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ از ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ایﻦ ﻧﻈﺮیﻪ، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ایﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎیﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ "ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕِﯽ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎیﯽ » و "ﭼﯿﺴﺘِﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر در ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮِی ﻣﻌﻨﺎی اﺛﺮ" روﺷﻦ ﺷﻮد. روﺷﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻧﻈﺮیﻪ ﻓﻮقاﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ روﺷﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ (ﻣﺮﮐﺐ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ) اﺳﺖ. ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺌﻮریﮏ ﻧﻈﺮیﻪ، ﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮیﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدی ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺰاره ﻫﺎی ِﺣﮑﻤﯽ و ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻣﻮزه ِﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﻫﺎی اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص، آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﺣﮑﻤﯽ- ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﺳﻼم اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮﭘﺎیﻪ یﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی اﺛﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺗﮑﻮیﻦ، ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ًاز ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ اثر و زمینه است حال آنکه در مقام تاویل علاوه بر این ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻧﯿﺰ ذی ﺳﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ دامنه معنایی آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻣﻨﻪای ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺑﺴﺘﻪ، ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪﻣﻨﺪ و ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ایﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودیﺖ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻓﻄﺮت ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﻤﻪ اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﻄﺮت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺮای اﻟﻘﺎی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎیﯽ را ﻧﺪارد و ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی، ﻣﺎﺑﻪازای معنایی ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Groat LN, Wang DC. Architectural research methods. Eynifar AR, translator. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2008. [Persian]
Malek N. A Comparative study of methodology and theory from the perspectives of quantitative and qualitative researches focusing on theorization in architecture. J Motaleate-e Tatbighi-e Honar. 2013;3(5):117-28. [Persian]
Moore GT. Toward environment-behavior theories of the middle range. In: Environmental Design Research Association, contributor. Advances in environment, behavior and design. 4th Volume. New York: Plenum Press; 1997.
Qayyoomi M. Theory structure and a primer in theory construction. Soffeh. 2005;(40):122-39. [Persian]
Javadi Amoli A. The subject commentary on the Holy Quran: Epistemology in the Quran. 13th Volume. 7th Edition. Qom: Asra; 2011. [Persian]
Parsania H. Molla Sadra's philosophy of critical methodology. Qom: Ketabe Farda; 2012. [Persian]
Motahhari M. Introduction to Islamic sciences. Qom: Islamic Publications Office; 1982. [Persian]
Javadi Sasani A. Hadj wine. Qom: Asra; 2003. [Persian]
Seyyed Razi M. The pinnacle of eloquence (Nahj al-Balagha). Beirut: Dar al-Osveh Press; 1994. [Arabic]
Majlesi MB. Seas of lights (Bihar al-Anwar). 1st Volume. Beirut: Vafa Press; 1982. [Persian]
Noghrehkar A, Raeesi MM. Realization of Islamic identity in architecture. J Stud Iran Islam City. 2012;2(7):5-12. [Persian]
Noghrehkar A, Hamzehnejad M, Ranjbar Kermani AM. An introduction to Islamic identity in architecture. Ranjbar Kermani AM, Orazani N, editors. Tehran: Payame Sima; 2009. [Persian]
Noghrehkar A, Raeesi MM. Realization of Islamic identity in architecture. J Stud Iran Islam City. 2012; 2(7):5-12. [Persian]
A’vani GR. Spiritual wisdom and art. Tehran: Garoos; 1997. [Persian]
Sasani F. Effective factors on text interpretation & perception [Dissertation]. Tehran: University of Allameh Tabatabaie; 2003. [Persian]
Sobhani MT. The comprehensive model of Muslim woman personality. 1st Edition. Qom: Office of Women Studies and Research; 2004. [Persian]
Raeesi MM, Noghrekar A. The ontology of meaning in architectural works. J Hoviyat-e Shahr. 2015; 9(24): 5-16. [Persian]
Sasani F. Discursive semantics. In: Articles collection of semiotics of art seminar. Tehran: Academy of Art Publications; 2003. [Persian]
Bemanian MR, Derazgisoo SA, Salem P. A comparative study of the application of symbol in Safavid and Iranian contemporary architecture. Naqshejahan. 2013;3(2):13-21. [Persian]
Naghizadeh M. Perception of beauty and identity of city in the light of Islamic thought. Isfahan: Recreational and Cultural Organization of Isfahan Municipality. 2008. [Persian]
Naghizadeh M, Aminzadeh B. The relationship between «meaning» and «appearance» in expressing art foundations. Honar Ha Ye Ziba. 2001;(8):16-32. [Persian]
Pourjafar MR, Mousavi Lor A. Study of spiral rotational motion characteristics, arabesque, the symbol of holiness, unity and beauty. J Humanit. 2002;12(43):184-207. [Persian]
Avini M. The magic mirror. 1st Volume. Habibi H, editor. Tehran: Saghi; 1999. [Persian]
Burckhardt T. The sacred art, the principles and methods. Sattari J, translator. Tehran: Soroush; 1998. [Persian]
Masnavi MR, Vahidzadehgan F. Recreation of the Persian garden’s conceptual system in Islamic-Iranian garden city. Naqshejahan. 2014;4(1):27-35. [Persian]
Necipoglu G. Geometry and ornament in Islamic architecture. Qayoumi Bidhendi M, translator. Tehran: Rowzaneh; 2001. [Persian]
Motahhari M. The perfect human. 3rd Edition Tehran: Sadra; 2006. [Persian]
Meshkini A. Numerical preaching (Mava’ez al-Adadieh). Qom: Al-Hadi; 1994. [Arabic]
Nasr SH. Islamic art and spirituality. Albany NY: SUNY Press; 1987.
Khomeini R. Explanation of forty hadiths. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Institution Press; 2009. [Persian]
Raeesi MM, Noghrehkar A, Mardomi K. An introduction to the symbolism in Islamic architecture. J Res Islam Archit. 2014;1(2):79-94. [Persian]