ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ارزشﮔﺬاری ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی کیفی

نویسندگان
محمد مشاری 1
عادل سپهری 2
حسین بارانی 2
افشین دانه‌کار 3
1 داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان، ایران
2 داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﺮﺗﻊ و آﺑﺨﯿﺰداری، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن، ﮔﺮﮔﺎن، ایران
3 ﭘﺮدیس ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﮐﺮج، ایران
چکیده
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زیستﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎیهﻫﺎی ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ارزش واﻗﻌﯽ آن ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاین ارزشﮔﺬاری اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و زیستﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را ﺑﺮای ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ویژه‌ای ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در این ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی ارزیاﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮر ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در ایران و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش دﻟﻔﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ، زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎیی ﺑﺮای ارزیاﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ایران ﺗﺪوین ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ، ۵ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر، ۱۷ زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ۵۶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮای ارزیاﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ۵ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺗﻔﺮج و ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدی، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﺎیتﻫﺎ و ﭘﺪیدهﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻣﻌﻨﻮی و ﻣﻌﯿﺎر یادﮔﯿﺮی و آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﺗﻨﻮع ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪازﻫﺎ، ﺣﯿﺎت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﯿﻦ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺗﻔﺮج و ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدی زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﭘﺎرکﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﺳﺎیتﻫﺎی ﺗﺎریخی، ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻟﻬﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﻫﻨﺮی، ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و رویدادﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ تعریف ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺳﺎیتﻫﺎ و ﭘﺪیدهﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺑﺎ زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺑﺎورﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و در ﻧﻬﺎیت یادﮔﯿﺮی و آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎ ۵ زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داﻧﺶ زیستﺑﻮم، داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، مدیریت داﻧﺶ، آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و داﻧﺶ ذیﻧﻔﻌﺎن و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﮔﺮی در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ یک از این زیرﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎیی اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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