روش‌ها و الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی در طراحی معماری و شهرسازی، راهکارهای ریاضی پایه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
پیمان پیله‌چی‌ها
گروه معماری، موسسه آموزش عالی کوثر، قزوین، ایران
چکیده
طراحی ساختمان فعالیتی کاملاً پیچیده و چندوجهی است که در آن تیمی از طراحان تلاش می‌کنند بین پارامترهایی متنوع و متضاد که خود تابعی از قیدهای متنوع هستند تعادل برقرار کنند. به‌دلیل همین پیچیدگی، ابزارهای شبیه‌سازی عملکرد ساختمان ابداع شده‌اند و به دنبال آن، استفاده از روش‌های بهینه‌سازی، عموماً به‌عنوان ابزار تصمیم‌گیری آغاز شده است.

پژوهش حاضر مروری بر روش‌ها و الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی مورد استفاده در طراحی ساختمان است و تلاش می‌کند تا علت انتخاب آنها را کشف کند، مسایل عملی و قابلیت‌های آنها را نشان دهد و خصوصیات کلیدی آنها را معرفی نماید. عدم شناخت معماران نسبت به این موضوعات و عقب‌ماندگی آنان نسبت به سایر رشته‌های مربوط به طراحی و نگهداری ساختمان، اهمیت موضوع را دوچندان می‌کند.

مهم‌ترین اصل برای انتخاب استراتژی بهینه‌سازی مناسب، طبقه‌بندی الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی و همچنین انتخاب الگوریتم مناسب برای یک مساله مشخص است. به همین دلیل پژوهش‌های متعددی در این حوزه بررسی شده‌اند و براساس آن، الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی طراحی معماری به سه دسته تکاملی،‌ جست‌وجوی مستقیم و ترکیبی تقسیم‌بندی شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد الگوریتم‌های تکاملی و به‌خصوص الگوریتم ژنتیک کاربرد بیشتری از سایر الگوریتم‌ها در بهینه‌سازی داشته است. در این پژوهش‌ها متغیرهای کلی طراحی نیز مصالح ساختمانی، فرم و جهت ساختمان، طراحی و ساختار سایه‌اندازی و نیز سیستم تهویه متبوع، بوده‌اند. در ضمن،‌ تعداد مقالات پژوهشی که از این الگوریتم‌ها برای بهینه‌کردن طراحی ساختمان استفاده کرده‌اند، هنوز در مقابل تعداد مقاله‌های بهینه‌سازی کنترل ساختمان، خیلی کم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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