ارزیابی معماری اکولوژیکی متاثر از تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با طبیعت در مناطق سردسیر؛ نمونه موردی: دو خانه تاریخی در اردبیل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده عمران، معماری و هنر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده عمران، معماری و هنر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران
چکیده
اهداف: در معماری خانه­ های تاریخی محیط توسط انسان در تعاملی دوجانبه با طبیعت شکل می­ گرفت. با ایجاد بحران­های زیست محیطی معاصر، ادغام فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی مهمترین مسئله اکولوژی در حوزه پایداری گردید. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، شناسایی معیارهای اکولوژیکی در خانه­ های تاریخی با امکان بهره­وری در معاصر است تا به ارائه راه­ حلهای اکولوژیکی با توجه به رفتار حرارتی در مناطق سردسیر پرداخته ­شود.

روش­ها: شناسایی این عوامل در دو نمونه از خانه ­های تاریخی اردبیل با استفاده از روشهای توصیفی، برداشت های میدانی و تحلیل داده ­های کمی صورت پذیرفته است.

یافته ­ها: بررسی بحرانی ­ترین شرایط اقلیمی منطقه، نشان­ از مقاومت حرارتی اتاقها در برابر نوسانات دمایی دارد. همچنین شناسایی ویژگیهای معماری برگرفته از محیط طبیعی (توپوگرافی، اقلیم) و محیط انسان ساخت (فرم ساختمان، سازمان فضایی، مصالح، منظر، زیرساخت ­ها) علاوه بر تعامل بهینه بین این مولفه ­ها، ارائه دهنده راه ­حلهای اکولوژیکی است.

نتیجه ­­گیری: سنجش معیارهای اکولوژیکی هم نشان دهنده سازگاری با محیط زیست است در واقع با استفاده از منابع طبیعی بر تاثیرات اقلیمی سرد فائق آمده ­اند به نحوی که اتاقهای با کارکرد فصلی نظیر شاه ­نشین و سرداب در مقابل نوسانات دمایی، عملکرد بهینه­ ای دارند برای مثال در نمونه­ ای با ابعاد کوچکتر شاه­ نشین حداقل اختلاف دمای داخل و خارج به 13 درجه سانتی گراد می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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