تحلیل خطاهای انسانی در فرایند طراحی معماری: شناسایی منشأ، طبقه‌بندی و راهکارهای کاهش آن، با رویکرد بومی انگارانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
کارشناس ارشد معماری اسلامی، دانشکده هنر و معماری اسلامی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا ع، مشهد، ایران
10.48311/bsnt.2026.117981.82900
چکیده
فرایند طراحی معماری، به‌عنوان فعالیتی انسان‌محور، مستعد خطاهای شناختی، ادراکی و ارتباطی است که منجر به انحراف از اهداف اولیه می‌شوند؛ پژوهش‌های معماری عمدتاً بر محصول نهایی متمرکز بوده و خطاپذیری انسانی فرایند طراحی کمتر به‌صورت نظام‌مند تحلیل شده است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی منشأ و طبقه‌بندی خطاهایی که بازیگران انسانی در چرخه طراحی معماری مرتکب میشوند، شکل گرفته تا در ادامه، راهکارهایی برای کاهش تأثیر آن‌ها بر شکاف میان اهداف طراحی و نتایج نهایی، مبتنی بر منشاء آن ها ارائه دهد. همچنین، با توجه به بستر فرهنگی پژوهش، نقش گسست از الگوهای بومی نظیر نظام استاد-شاگردی و اخلاق حرفه‌ای سنتی در بروز این خطاهای نوین نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش با راهبرد کیفی و رویکرد تحلیل مضمون انجام گرفته است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 105 نفر از متخصصان (25 استاد دانشگاه، 30 معمار حرفه‌ای، 15 مدیر پروژه، 10 کمک طراح دیجیتال، 15 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد و 10 پژوهشگر معماری) گردآوری شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی صورت پذیرفته است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که خطاهای انسانی در پنج بُعد اصلی هستند: خطاهای شناختی (سوءتفسیر مسئله)، خطاهای ادراکی (درک نادرست مقیاس و فضا)، خطاهای ارتباطی (عدم هماهنگی تیم و کارفرما)، خطاهای مدیریتی (کنترل زمان و منابع) و خطاهای فنی (در ترجمه ایده به نقشه). افزون بر این، نتایج نشان داد که جایگزینی مفهوم «ادبِ معماری» با ضوابط خشک اداری، چگونه باعث شده است که خطاهای ناشی از بی‌توجهی به کرامت انسانی و سلسله‌مراتب فضایی در فرایندهای طراحی نهادینه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت 06 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 دی 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 دی 1404