A Critical Analysis of the Tensions between Modernism and Postmodernism in Contemporary Tehran Architecture

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohamadreza Pourzargar 1
Ghazal Hajighassemi 2
1 Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
10.48311/bsnt.2026.123753.82998
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to critically analyze the opposition, continuity, and coexistence of Modernist and Postmodernist discourses in contemporary Tehran architecture. Its practical objective is to demonstrate how these two movements have been reinterpreted and how they have influenced the formation of the architectural language of contemporary Tehran.

Methods: The research adopts a qualitative approach and an analytical–interpretive method. First, the theoretical foundations and key characteristics of Modernist and Postmodernist architecture are examined. Subsequently, a set of representative examples of contemporary Tehran architecture is purposively selected and analyzed. A comparative analysis of the two discourses.

Findings: The findings indicate that the opposition between Modernism and Postmodernism in Tehran cannot be reduced merely to two contradictory formal languages. Modernism has emerged in many projects through an emphasis on rationality, functionalism, technology, and geometric order, whereas Postmodernism, through references to history, semiotics, plurality of meaning, and vernacular elements, has constituted a critical response to modern homogenization. Nevertheless, a significant part of contemporary Tehran architecture has resulted from the simultaneous combination and reinterpretation of components associated with both approaches.

Conclusion: Inadequate understanding of modernity, combined with the rapid approach adopted during the second Pahlavi period, ultimately contributed to the inappropriate reproduction of a Postmodern reaction in Iranian architecture and urbanism—an issue commonly discussed in the literature as the opposition between Modernism and Postmodernism in contemporary Tehran architecture. The study proposes placing Islamic–Iranian identity at the center of the discourse to establish a framework for negotiating among tradition, modernity, identity, and globalization.
Keywords
Modernism
Postmodernism
contemporary Tehran architecture
architectural criticism
architectural identity
contextualization
Islamic&‌‌ndash
Iranian identity
Subjects
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  • Receive Date 04 April 2026
  • Revise Date 13 September 2026
  • Accept Date 18 September 2026