ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی ﻧﻮین ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
علیرضا پهلوان 1
فرح حبیب 2
لیلا زارع 1
1 گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اﻫﺪاف: ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎی ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﺳﻬﻢ، در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادهاﻧﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاری زیاد در ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. این ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮیی ﺑﺮای ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺒﺪیل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺪوین اﺻﻮل ﻧﻤﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ ﺿﺮورﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪه و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ آن ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، ارزیابی و دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ این ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ این اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﭼﻪ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﭘدید آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی آﻧﻬﺎ از ﭼﻪ روﻧﺪی ﭘﯿﺮوی ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻫﺪف ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﯽ روﺷﻦ از ﺳﯿﺮ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان، از ﺳﺎل ۱۳۴۰ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن اﺳﺖ.

اﺑﺰار و روشﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﻧﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان و روﻧﺪ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی آﻧﻬﺎ در دورهﻫﺎی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ در ﺟﺪاوﻟﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﺮیف، دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی و ﺗﺎریخچه این ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎ را روﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد.

یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻫﺮ یک در ﺑﺎزهﻫﺎی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻮج زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت دﻗﯿﻘﯽ از ویژﮔﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮج در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. از ﺳﻮی دیگر اﻟﮕﻮواره ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ و زیگورات در ﺗﺎج و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺣﺠﻤﯽ و ﺷﮑﻠﯽ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: روﻧﺪی ﺳﯿﺎل در ﺗﺪوین اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮایط زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان وﺟﻮد دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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