Volume 13, Issue 3 (2023)                   Naqshejahan 2023, 13(3): 51-66 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Nouri Horzvili N, Suzanchi K, Haghighat Bin M. Proposing a conceptual model for health landscape based on perceptual/evolutionary mechanisms. Naqshejahan 2023; 13 (3) :51-66
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-66810-en.html
1- PhD Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran , suzanchi@modares.ac.ir
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (451 Views)
Aims: This paper aims to find a comprehensive conceptual model for health landscape by reviewing some important and decisive theories on the relationship between landscape and health.   

Methodology: The theories in the field of health landscape are analyzed based on a descriptive-analytical method in two categories. The first category examines the existing mechanisms explaining the relationship between landscape and health and why the landscape affects people's health, while the second category tries to measure these effects by examining the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the landscapes.

Findings: The analyses showed that the related theories in this field, which were initially formed based on a purely objective or subjective, gradually and in the course of their evolution, somehow converged with the comprehensive and holistic concept of landscape and focused on both aspects of objectivity and subjectivity in analyzing the health landscape. This has led to an approach in the field of landscape that emphasizes the role of the individual, society and the environment, considering the health of the landscape as a relative matter that will vary from person to person.

Conclusion: The presence of individual agency (adaptive skills and capacities of a person) and socio-environmental dimensions in today's definition of health in other fields indicates the existence of an interdisciplinary agreement on this convergence. This article shows that by relying on perception, these seemingly opposite aspects can be put together and a meaningful and holistic model can be achieved in relation to the health landscape.
 
Full-Text [PDF 1689 kb]   (655 Downloads)    
Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Hightech in landscape design
Received: 2023/01/15 | Accepted: 2023/09/23 | Published: 2023/09/23

References
1. Blacksher E, Lovasi GS. Place-focused physical activity research, human agency, and social justice in public health: taking agency seriously in studies of the built environment. Health & place. 2012 Mar 1;18(2):172-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.019 [Article] [DOI]
2. Mahdavinejad M, Shaeri J, Nezami A, Goharian A. Comparing universal thermal climate index (UTCI) with selected thermal indices to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in traditional courtyards with BWh climate. Urban Climate. 2024 Mar 1;54:101839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101839 [Article] [DOI]
3. Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green L, Van Der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Leonard B, Lorig K, Loureiro MI, Van Der Meer JW, Schnabel P. How should we define health? Bmj. 2011 Jul 26;343. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163 [Article] [DOI]
4. Mahdavinejad M, Bazazzadeh H, Mehrvarz F, Berardi U, Nasr T, Pourbagher S, Hoseinzadeh S. The impact of facade geometry on visual comfort and energy consumption in an office building in different climates. Energy Reports. 2024 Jun 1;11:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.11.021 [Article] [DOI]
5. Bircher J, Kuruvilla S. Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: new opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of public health policy. 2014 Aug 1;35:363-86. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2014.19 [Article] [DOI]
6. Bazazzadeh H, Świt-Jankowska B, Fazeli N, Nadolny A, Safar Ali Najar B, Hashemi Safaei S, Mahdavinejad M. Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran. Energies. 2021 December 8;14(24), 8272. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248272 [Article] [DOI]
7. Gesler WM. Healing places. Rowman & Littlefield; 2003. https://books.google.com/books/about/Healing_Places.html?id=X41c1MUc_cYC [Article]
8. Bazazzadeh H, Świt-Jankowska B, Fazeli N, Nadolny A, Safar Ali Najar B, Hashemi Safaei S, Mahdavinejad M. Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran. Energies. 2021 December 8;14(24), 8272. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248272 [Article] [DOI]
9. Hartig, T., van den Berg, A. E., Hagerhall, C. M., Tomalak, M., Bauer, N., Hansmann, R., & Waaseth, G. (2011). Health benefits of nature experience: Psychological, social and cultural processes. Forests, trees and human health, 127-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9806-1_5 [Article] [DOI]
10. Dezfuli RR, Bazazzadeh H, Taban M, Mahdavinejad M. Optimizing stack ventilation in low and medium-rise residential buildings in hot and semi-humid climate. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2023 Oct 28:103555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103555 [Article] [DOI]
11. Appleton J. The Experience of Landscape John Wiley. New York. 1975. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2562247 [Article]
12. Gharaati F, Mahdavinejad M, Nadolny A, Bazazzadeh H. Sustainable Assessment of Built Heritage Adaptive Reuse Practice: Iranian Industrial Heritage in the Light of International Charters. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice. 2023 Oct 4:1-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2023.2261328 [Article] [DOI]
13. Balling JD, Falk JH. Development of visual preference for natural environments. Environment and behavior. 1982 Jan;14(1):5-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139165821410 [Article] [DOI]
14. Mansourimajoumerd P, Bazazzadeh H, Mahdavinejad M, Nia SN. Energy Efficiency and Building’s Envelope: An Integrated Approach to High-Performance Architecture. In Urban and Transit Planning: City Planning: Urbanization and Circular Development 2023 Apr 1 (pp. 25-33). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20995-6_3 [Article] [DOI]
15. Tuan YF. Topophilia: A study of Environment Perception Attitudes and Values Prentice Hall International. New Jersey. 1974. https://books.google.com/books/about/Topophilia.html?id=wcAPrIUSzIAC [Article]
16. Mansourimajoumerd P, Bazazzadeh H, Mahdavinejad M, Nia SN. Energy Efficiency and Building's Envelope: An Integrated Approach to High-Performance Architecture. Urban Planning and Architectural Design for Sustainable Development (UPADSD 2021). Florence, Italy, 14, Sep / 16, Sep 2021; Pp. 122-123. Available at: https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1259071/6/UPADSD%202021_ATTI_Firenze.pdf#page=133 [Article]
17. Zent S. Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and biocultural diversity: a close-up look at linkages, delearning trends and changing patterns of transmission. Learning and knowing in indigenous societies today. 2009:103-21. https://www.academia.edu/184359/Traditional_ecological_knowledge_TEK_and_biocultural_diversity_a_close_up_look_at_linkages_delearning_trends_and_changing_patterns_of_transmission?sm=b [Article]
18. Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Vakilinejad R, Bazazzadeh H, Monfared M. Effects of sea-breeze natural ventilation on thermal comfort in low-rise buildings with diverse atrium roof shapes in BWh regions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2023 Jan 1;41:102638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102638 [Article] [DOI]
19. Maffi L, Woodley E. Biocultural diversity conservation: a global sourcebook. Routledge; 2012 Sep 10. [Article] [DOI]
20. Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M. Prediction Indoor Thermal Comfort in Traditional Houses of Shiraz with PMV/PPD model. International Journal of Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):8316-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2022.2092774 [Article] [DOI]
21. Eini Far, A., & Eshrati, P. (2017). A holistic approach to the "culture-nature relationship" in "cultural landscape". Journal of Architecture and Urbanism (Fine Arts), 22(4), 81-92. [Persian] https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65699.html [Article]
22. Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Zalooli A. Physico-mechanical and Chemical Properties of Coquina Stone Used as Heritage Building Stone in Bushehr, Iran. Geoheritage. 2022 Sep;14(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-022-00738-0 [Article] [DOI]
23. Bridgewater P, Rotherham ID. A critical perspective on the concept of biocultural diversity and its emerging role in nature and heritage conservation. People and Nature. 2019 Sep;1(3):291-304. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/pan3.10040 [Article] [DOI]
24. Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Pourghasemian MH. A new design to create natural ventilation in buildings: Wind chimney. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 Aug 22:105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105041 [Article] [DOI]
25. Sterling EJ, Filardi C, Toomey A, Sigouin A, Betley E, Gazit N, Newell J, Albert S, Alvira D, Bergamini N, Blair M. Biocultural approaches to well-being and sustainability indicators across scales. Nature ecology & evolution. 2017 Dec;1(12):1798-806. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0349-6 [Article] [DOI]
26. Sarmadi H, Mahdavinejad M. A designerly approach to Algae-based large open office curtain wall Façades to integrated visual comfort and daylight efficiency. Solar Energy. 2023 Feb 1;251:350-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.01.021 [Article] [DOI]
27. McIntosh J, Marques B, Cornwall J, Kershaw C, Mwipiko R. Therapeutic environments and the role of physiological factors in creating inclusive psychological and socio-cultural landscapes. Ageing International. 2022 Sep;47(3):433-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-021-09452-8 [Article] [DOI]
28. Saadatjoo P, Saligheh E. The Role of Buildings Distribution Pattern on Outdoor Airflow and Received Daylight in Residential Complexes; Case study: Residential Complexes in Tehran. Naqshejahan - Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 Nov 10;11(3):67-92. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.3.4.1. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-50471-en.html [Article]
29. Motallebi, G., & Vojdan-Zadeh, L. (2016). Recognizing the effective factors in creating healing environments. Safheh, 26(72), 25-48. [Persian] https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100305.html [Article]
30. Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G. A study on terraced apartments and their natural ventilation performance in hot and humid regions. Building Simulation. 2018 Apr 1;11(2):359-372. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0407-7 [Article] [DOI]
31. Zahedi, M., Mansouri, S.A., Sanmari, M.M., & Zarabi, M.M. (2017). The concept of healing in Iran. Manzar Magazine, 11(48), 22-31. [Persian] http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_55190.html [Article]
32. Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G, Vali K. Influence of permeability ratio on wind-driven ventilation and cooling load of mid-rise buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Jul 1;70:102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102894 [Article] [DOI]
33. Ulrich RS. Biophilia, biophobia, and natural landscapes. The biophilia hypothesis. 1993 Jan;7:73-137. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284655696_Biophilia_biophobia_and_natural_landscapes [Article]
34. Kellert S. For the love and beauty of nature. Moral ground: Ethical action for a planet in peril. 2010:373-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280980919_For_the_love_and_beauty_of_nature [Article]
35. Sachs NA. EO Wilson: A Legacy of “Biophilia”. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2022 Oct;15(4):283-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586722112040 [Article]
36. Arghan, A., Javaheri, K., Jandaghi, A., Kamari, B. M., & Razavinezhad, S. M. (2022). Investigating the concept of biophilia and creative tendencies towards nature in land art. Journal of Architectural Science and Technology, 1(4), 1-22. [Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/1013601/fa [Article]
37. Nasar JL. Visual preferences in urban street scenes: a cross-cultural comparison between Japan and the United States. Journal of cross-cultural psychology. 1984 Mar;15(1):79-93. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/JackNasar/publication/256058405_Visual_Preferences_in_Urban_Street_Scenes_A_CrossCultural_Comparison_between_Japan_and_the_United_States/links/57d970c508ae0c0081efaf82/Visual-Preferences-in-Urban-Street-Scenes-A-Cross-Cultural-Comparison-between-Japan-and-the-United-States.pdf [Article]
38. Mehaffy M, Salingaros NA. Design for a living planet: Settlement, science, & the human future. Sustasis Press; 2017 May 30. https://patterns.architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-172539 [Article]
39. Noohi Bazanjani M, Ghasemi M. Biophilic architectural design principles in specialized cardiac hospitals from the perspective of patient health quality. Shabak Journal, 2022;8(1):73-85. [Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/416546/fa [Article]
40. Rezazadeh Pileh Dar Boni N, Heidari S, Soltanzadeh H. Investigating Thermal Adaptive Behaviors of Villas and Apartments Occupants in Rasht City in Cold Season. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2023 Jan 10; 12(4):70-95. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1401.12.4.3.9 [Article]
41. Beery T, Jönsson KI, Elmberg J. From environmental connectedness to sustainable futures: Topophilia and human affiliation with nature. Sustainability. 2015 Jul 7;7(7):8837-54. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078837 [Article] [DOI]
42. Sampson SD. The topophilia hypothesis: Ecopsychology meets evolutionary psychology. Ecopsychology: Science, totems, and the technological species. 2012 Jul 20:23-53. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287758941_The_topophilia_hypothesis_Ecopsychology_meets_evolutionary_psychology [Article]
43. Rezaei M, Habib F, Shahcheraghi A. Effect of Planting System of Iranian Garden on Thermal Comfort of Open Spaces; Case Study: Jahan Nama Shiraz Garden. Naqshejahan - Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 Jun 10;11(3):1-15. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.3.1.8. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-48594-en.html [Article]
44. Kulczycki C. Place meanings and rock climbing in outdoor settings. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2014 Dec 1;7:8-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2014.09.005 [Article] [DOI]
45. Rasoolzadeh M, Moshari M. Designerly approach to occupant health with the interaction of building material selection and healthy environment. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 2023;13(3):129-148. Available at: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-73856-en.html [Article]
46. Kourvetaris, S.N. and Xenos, M. (2021) 'The Evolutionary Psychology of Landscape Aesthetics: The Impact of Natural and Built Environments on Affiliation and Aesthetics Preferences', Sustainability, 13(6), 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100113 [Article] [DOI]
47. Adelvand, P. (2019). The mutual relationship between the human immune system and urban landscape indices. Manzar Journal, 11(48), 22-31. [Persian] https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2019.91493 [Article] [DOI]
48. Tavakoli Nikki M, Majedi H. The role of green and natural environments in promoting human mental and psychological health. Identity in the city Journal. 2013;7(13):23-32. [Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/154640/fa [Article]
49. Siegel C. Architecture and evolutionary psychology. International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism. 2014. https://www.oldhouseguy.com/assets/aesthetics/evolutionary-psychology.pdf [Article]
50. Ganbaran A, Ebrahimpour R, Payehdar Ardakani P, Tohidimoghadam M. Investigating the role of natural light, view, and landscape in reducing employee stress in office spaces using psycho-physical methods. J Occup Health Epidemiol. 2017;6(2):135-147. [Persian] http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1985-fa.html [Article]
51. Pourzargar M. Posto-Corona Visioning for Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Kahrzak Sugar Factory. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2022 Jan 10;11(4):79-95. [Persian] http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-57428-en.html [Article]
52. Barbiero G, Berto R. Biophilia as evolutionary adaptation: An onto-and phylogenetic framework for biophilic design. Frontiers in psychology. 2021 Jul 21;12:700709. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700709 [Article] [DOI]
53. Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Markazi A.H.D., Bemanian M. Architectural layout design through deep learning and agent-based modeling: A hybrid approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 April15; 47, 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103822 [Article] [DOI]
54. Basu A, Duvall J, Kaplan R. Attention restoration theory: Exploring the role of soft fascination and mental bandwidth. Environment and Behavior. 2019 Nov;51(9-10):1055-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518774400 [Article] [DOI]
55. Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Davaie Markazi AH, Hovestadt L. Generating Synthetic Space Allocation Probability Layouts Based on Trained Conditional-GANs. Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2019 Jul 3;33(8):689-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2019.1592919 [Article] [DOI]
56. Joye Y, Dewitte S. Nature's broken path to restoration. A critical look at Attention Restoration Theory. Journal of environmental psychology. 2018 Oct 1;59:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.006 [Article] [DOI]
57. Kaplan R, Kaplan S. The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge university press; 1989 Jul 28. https://www.hse.ru/data/2019/03/04/1196348207/%5BRachel_Kaplan,_Stephen_Kaplan%5D_The_Experience_of_(b-ok.xyz).pdf [Article]
58. Pourzargar M. Posto-Corona Visioning for Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Kahrzak Sugar Factory. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2022 Jan 10;11(4):79-95. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.4.7.6. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-57428-en.html [Article]
59. Thompson CW, Roe J, Aspinall P, Mitchell R, Clow A, Miller D. More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landscape and urban planning. 2012 Apr 15;105(3):221-9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204611003665 [Article]
60. Nasr T, Rismani A, Bahadori M. The Significance of Natural Components of Quranic Life in Islamic-Iranian Architecture (Case Studies: Residential Architecture of Qajar, Zand and Pahlavi Eras in Shiraz). Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 2017 Dec 10;7(3):47-62. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1396.7.3.5.4. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-6138-en.html [Article]
61. Huang Q, Yang M, Jane HA, Li S, Bauer N. Trees, grass, or concrete? The effects of different types of environments on stress reduction. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2020 Jan 1;193:103654. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016920461831449X [Article]
62. Choe EY, Jorgensen A, Sheffield D. Does a natural environment enhance the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)? Examining the mental health and wellbeing, and nature connectedness benefits. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2020 Oct 1;202:103886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103886 [Article]
63. Yin J, Bratman GN, Browning MH, Spengler JD, Olvera-Alvarez HA. Stress recovery from virtual exposure to a brown (desert) environment versus a green environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2022 Jun. 1 ;81:101775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101775 [Article] [DOI]
64. Wang R, Zhao J, Meitner MJ, Hu Y, Xu X. Characteristics of urban green spaces in relation to aesthetic preference and stress recovery. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019 May 1;41:6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.03.005 [Article] [DOI]
65. Mahdavinejad M, Zia A, Larki AN, Ghanavati S, Elmi N. Dilemma of green and pseudo green architecture based on LEED norms in case of developing countries. International journal of sustainable built environment. 2014 Dec 1;3(2):235-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.06.003 [Article] [DOI]
66. Eslamirad N, Malekpour Kolbadinejad S, Mahdavinejad M, Mehranrad M. Thermal comfort prediction by applying supervised machine learning in green sidewalks of Tehran. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. 2020 Dec 11;9(4):361-74. [Persian] https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-03-2019-0028 [Article] [DOI]
67. Mahdavinejad M, Abedi M. Community-oriented landscape design for sustainability in architecture and planning. Procedia engineering. 2011 Jan 1;21:337-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2024 [Article] [DOI]
68. Hashemin S A, Zarkesh A, Higueras Garcia E, Suzanchi K. Effect of tree planting design on human thermal comfort at microclimate scale; Case study: Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. Naqshejahan 2022; 12 (2) :138-158. [Persian] http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-61858-en.html [Article]
69. Gibson JJ. On the relation between hallucination and perception. Leonardo. 1970;3(4):425-7. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/597859 [Article]
70. Ingold T. Being alive: Essays on movement, knowledge and description. Routledge; 2021 Nov 29. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203818336 [Article]
71. Moulaii M, Soleymani R. Economic growth and urban development through the regeneration of valuable historical buildings; Case study: Hamedan Historic Houses. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2017 Dec 10;7(3):95-104. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1396.7.3.3.2. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-3919-en.html [Article]
72. Alfonzo MA. To walk or not to walk? The hierarchy of walking needs. Environment and behavior. 2005 Nov;37(6):808-36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249624492_To_Walk_or_Not_to_Walk_The_Hierarchy_of_Walking_Needs [Article]
73. Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi, M., Diba, D., Mahdavinejad, M. Economy-based Contemporization and Preservation of Contemporary Architectural Heritage; Strategies for Action in Residential Buildings from the 1950s to the 1970s. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar. December 2023; 20(126): 69-80. (doi: 10.22034/bagh.2023.374094.5297) https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_181097.html?lang=en [Article] [DOI]
74. Withagen R, Costall A. What does the concept of affordances afford? Adaptive Behavior. 2022 Dec;30(6):505-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712320982683 [Article] [DOI]
75. Mahdavinejad M, Pourfathollah M. New Lighting Technologies and Enhancement in Sense of Belonging (Case Study: Tehran Buildings). Human Geography Research. 2015 Mar 21;47(1):131-41. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2015.51238 [Article] [DOI]
76. Mahdavinejad M, Salehnejad H, Moradi N. An ENVI-met Simulation Study on Influence of Urban Vegetation Congestion on Pollution Dispersion. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 2018 Jan 1;15(2):187-94. https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw-180031 [Article] [DOI]
77. Gu X, Chen H, Luo L. Sustainable Urban Community Construction Based on Affordance Theory. In2nd International Seminar on Education Research and Social Science (ISERSS 2019) 2019 Jun (pp. 377-380). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/iserss-19.2019.147 [Article] [DOI]
78. Beatley T. Biophilic cities: integrating nature into urban design and planning. Island Press; 2011. https://landscaper.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Biophilic-Cities.pdf [Article]
79. Aguilar-Carrasco MT, Domínguez-Amarillo S, Acosta I, Sendra JJ. Indoor lighting design for healthier workplaces: natural and electric light assessment for suitable circadian stimulus. Optics Express. 2021 Sep 13;29(19):29899-917. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353494368_Indoor_lighting_design_for_healthier_workplaces_Natural_and_electric_light_assessment_for_suitable_circadian_stimulus [Article]
80. Mahdavinejad M, Javanroodi K. Natural ventilation performance of ancient wind catchers, an experimental and analytical study–case studies: one-sided, two-sided and four-sided wind catchers. International journal of energy technology and policy, 2014 Jan 1;10(1):36-60. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETP.2014.065036 [Article] [DOI]
81. Latifi M, Diba D. Data Mining of the Spatial Structure of Qajar Native Housing; Case Study: Jangjouyan House of Isfahan. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2020 Oct 10;10(3):163-71. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1399.10.3.7.7. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-43890-en.html [Article]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.