Exploring the Flexibility of Open and Enclosed Spaces in Elementary Schools; Case Studies: Jadgal and Noor‑al‑Mobin

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Amirhossein Nadalizadeh Ghanad 1
Mohammad Reza Bemanian 2
1 Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
10.48311/bsnt.2026.117311.82889
Abstract
Aims: Literature review shows that insufficient attention to the role of functional open spaces in Iranian primary schools has led to a significant portion of their educational and developmental potential being overlooked. This study aims to clarify how open and enclosed areas are organized in primary schools, with an emphasis on the concept of spatial flexibility, and to examine its impact on enhancing the quality of the educational environment and promoting social interactions.

Methods: The research is based on logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach. In the first stage, relevant theoretical foundations were collected through library studies and the main indicators of spatial flexibility were extracted. In the second stage, two case studies including Noor al-Mobin Elementary School in Semnan and Jadgal Elementary School in Chabahar were analyzed and compared using a comparative approach and based on the obtained indicators.

Findings: By utilizing different scales of flexibility in integrating open and enclosed areas, the quality of the educational environment was enhanced, and the influence of each indicator and its spatial implications was thoroughly examined within the case studies.

Conclusion: The analysis demonstrated that spatial flexibility in the relationship between open and enclosed areas plays a key role in improving the quality of the educational environment. Observing principles of spatial continuity, functional diversity, and climatic adaptation fosters a dynamic and adaptable setting aligned with students’ behavioral and climatic needs. Moreover, flexibility-based design can serve as an effective strategy for revitalizing school environments and achieving sustainable, human-centered learning spaces overall.

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  • Receive Date 28 October 2025
  • Revise Date 03 February 2026
  • Accept Date 03 February 2026