Typology of general form and relative compactness of residential buildings in Tehran from the perspective of climatic performance and optimization of energy consumption

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Leila Mokhtari 1
Shahab Kariminia 2
Mansoureh Kianersi 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Architecture, Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
Abstract
Aims: This study investigates the amount of heating load, cooling load, daylight and ventilation in different types of construction in Tehran and based on the objective function, calculates the optimal building type by considering the general form and RC(relative compactness) and Introduces the basis of WWR(window to wall ratio), states of window to wall distribution and orientation.

Methods: At first, different types of building types in Tehran were extracted. The types were arranged in a modular method and were classified after calculating the RC. Then the types were modeled and simulated using software to calculate heating load, cooling load, daylight and ventilation in different modes. For each type, 60 analysis were performed and by writing the objective function, the types were compared and the optimal types was introduced.

Findings: The types with a RC=0.95, WWR=10% and West 270, had the lowest heating and cooling load. Although it has a minimum energy load, it doeschr('39')nt have maximum daylight and ventilation. For this purpose, after equalizing the unit and writing the target function, a building types with a RC=0.54, WWR=40% and Uniform 180 with the lowest energy consumption and the highest amount of daylight and ventilation was selected as the optimal form.

Conclusion: Although the building types with high RC has the least load of heating and cooling, but considering other variables, these types is not optimal in climatic performance. Therefore, the weight coefficient of variables in the objective function is very important for deciding on the energy consumption of building types.

Keywords

Subjects

Hojati A, Saedvandi M, De Anjelis E. Analysis of Performance of Three Wind-catchers for Ventilation of Contemporary Houses in Isfahan Hot and Arid Climate. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 Dec 10;11(3):16-32. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.3.7.4 [Article] [DOI]
افشین مهر وحید، عارف فهیمه، شانه ساز مرضیه. تحلیل عددی نماهای دوپوسته برای فصل تابستا ن. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۴؛۵(۲):۸۵-۷۷. [Article] [DOI]
Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Markazi A.H.D., Bemanian M. Architectural layout design through deep learning and agent-based modeling: A hybrid approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 April15; 47, 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103822 [Article] [DOI]
تابان محسن، پورجعفر محمدرضا، بمانیان محمدرضا، حیدری شاهین. تعیین الگوی بهینه حیاط مرکزی در مسکن سنتی دزفول با تکیه بر تحلیل سایه دریافتی سطوح مختلف حیاط. باغ نظر. 1393؛10(27): 39-48. [Article]
Pourjafar M, Akbarian R, Ansari M, Pourmand H. Conceptual approach in Persian architecture. Soffeh. 2008;16(3-4):90-105. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.1683870.1386.16.3.6.7 [Article] [DOI]
ثقفی محمدجواد، توسلی ناهید. بررسی تاثیرِ لایه هوایِ تهویه شده در نماهای نوین با درزِ باز بر عملکرد حرارتی ساختمان. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۵؛۶(۳):۱۴-۵. [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M, Hosseini SA. Data mining and content analysis of the jury citations of the Pritzker Architecture prize (1977–2017). Journal of Architecture and Urbanism. 2019; 43(1):71-90. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.5209 [Article] [DOI]
حبیب فرح، برزگر زهرا، چشمه قصابانی مریم. رتبه بندی پارامترهای موثر بر مصرف انرژی ساختمان با کاربرد فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۳؛۴(۲):۵۳-۴۷. [Article] [DOI]
Bazazzadeh H, Pilechiha P, Nadolny A, Mahdavinejad M, Hashemi Safaei S. The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Building Energy Consumption in Poland. Energies. 2021;14(14),4084; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144084 [Article] [DOI]
حق‌شناس محمد، بمانیان محمدرضا، قیابکلو زهرا. تحلیل معیارهای تابش عبوری از مجموعه شیشه‌های رنگی ارسی‌های دوره صفوی. علوم و فناوری رنگ. 1395؛10(1): 55-64. [Article]
Finnegan S, Jones C, Sharples S. The embodied CO2e of sustainable energy technologies used in buildings: A review article. Energy and Buildings. 2018;181:50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.037 [Article] [DOI]
حیدری شاهین، حناچی پیروز، تیمورتاش سارا. تغییر کاربری تطبیقی میراث صنعتی، رویکردی براساس بازیافت انرژی. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۸؛۹(۱):۵۳-۴۵. [Article] [DOI]
Saadatian O, Sopian K, Lim C.H, Asim N, Sulaiman M.Y. Trombe walls: A review of opportunities and challenges in research and development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012;16(8):6340-6351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.06.032 [Article] [DOI]
حیدری شاهین، محمدکاری بهروز، عسکری انارکی احمد. تلفیق گردآور خورشیدی حرارتی با نمای ساختمان. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۴؛۵(۲):۴۱-۳۱. [Article]
Jeong-Tak J, Jae-Weon J. Optimization of a free-form building shape to minimize external thermal load using genetic algorithm. Energy and Buildings. 2014;85:473-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.09.080 [Article] [DOI]
رحمتی مهدی، حیدری شاهین، بمانیان محمد رضا. بررسی راهکارهای طراحی معماری بر کاهش اثر جزایر حرارتی شهری. نشریه انرژی ایران. ۱۳۹۵؛۱۹(۱):91-104. [Article]
Pacheco R, Ordónez J, Martínez G. Energy efficient design of building: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012;16:3559-3573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.045 [Article] [DOI]
رسول زاده مریم، مشاری محمد. اولویت شناسی در برنامه ریزی شهر سالم: تعامل شیمی نوین و رایانش مصالح سبز. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۴۰۰؛ ۱۱(۱): ۹۴-۱۰۵. [Article] [DOI]
Panwar N.L, Kaushik S.C, Kothari S. Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011;15(3):1513-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.037 [Article] [DOI]
زندیه مهدی، محمودزاده کنی ایرج، حصاری پدرام. مدل سازی اطلاعات ساختمان (BIM)؛ مدلی در جهت بهبود فرآیند طراحی. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۶؛۷(۲):۷۸-۷۱. [Article] [DOI]
Ghanbaran A, Hosseinpour M A. Assessment of design parameter influence on energy efficiency in educational buildings in Tehran’s climate. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2016 Nov 10;6(3):51-62. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1395.6.3.3.5 [Article] [DOI]
سامانی قدسیه، پورجعفر محمدرضا. بررسی شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار در طراحی بازار سنتی تبریز. جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی. 1391؛1(2): 41-54. [Article]
Dür M, Nowak N. Packing solar cells on a roof. Optimization and Engineering. 2009; 10(3): 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-008-9055-1 [Article] [DOI]
شجاع سعیده، پورجعفر محمدرضا، طبیبیان منوچهر. فراتحلیل رابطه فرم شهر و انرژی: مروری بررویکردها، روش ها، مقیاس ها و متغیرها. دانش شهرسازی. 1398؛3(1):85-107. [Article] [DOI]
Eskandari H, Saedvandi M, Mahdavinejad M. The impact of Iwan as a traditional shading device on the building energy consumption. Buildings. 2018 Jan;8(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8010003 [Article] [DOI]
عباسی محمدرضا، طاهباز منصوره، وفائی راحیل. معرفی سیستم نوین لایه های ساختمانی تغییرپذیر (فناوری نو در طراحی معماری اقلیمی). نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۴؛۵(۲):۵۴-۴۳. [Article] [DOI]
Vanderbei R.J. Case studies in trajectory optimization: Trains, planes, and other pastimes. Optimization and Engineering. 2001 Jun;2(2):215-243. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013145328012 [Article] [DOI]
فروزان نرجس، حاجیپور خلیل، سلطانی علی. بررسی مصرف انرژی نهفته در بافت های مسکونی نمونه موردی: شهر شیراز. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۵؛۶(۱):۵۲-۴۲. [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M. Designerly Approach to Energy Efficiency in High-Performance Architecture Theory. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2020 Sep 10;10(2):75-83. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1399.10.2.7.5 [Article] [DOI]
قنبران عبدالحمید، حسین پور محمد امین. بررسی عوامل مؤثر در بهره وری انرژی در فضاهای آموزشی در اقلیم شهر تهران. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۵؛۶(۳):۶۲-۵۱. [Article] [DOI]
Quaglia C.P, Yu N, Thrall A.P, Paolucci, S. Balancing energy efficiency and structural performance through multi-objective shape optimization: Case study of a rapidly deployable origami-inspired shelter. Energy and Buildings. 2014;82:733-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.063 [Article] [DOI]
لطفی سهند، شعله مهسا، فرمند مریم، فتاحی کاوه. تدوین معیارهای طراحی شهری برای محله های بدون کربن. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۵؛۶(۱):۹۲-۸۰. [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M, Zia A, Larki AN, Ghanavati S, Elmi N. Dilemma of green and pseudo green architecture based on LEED norms in case of developing countries. International journal of sustainable built environment. 2014 Dec 1;3(2):235-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.06.003 [Article] [DOI]
مشاری محمد، نظری سام. الهام از هندسه پنهان محیط زیست گیاهی و جانوری در برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای زیست‌سازگار. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۹؛ ۱۰(۳): ۱۸۳-۱۹۱. [Article]
Roshan G.R, Orosa J.A, Nasrabadi T. Simulation of climate change impact on energy consumption in buildings, case study of Iran. Energy Policy. 2012;49:731-739. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.020 [Article] [DOI]
معروفی ندا، مهدوی نژاد محمدجواد، مرادی نسب حسین. ارزیابی تاثیر فرم پنجره در کیفیت نور فضاهای آموزشی در اقلیم BWk. پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی، 1399؛ 1399(43): 127-142. [Article]
Schlueter A, Geyer P. Linking BIM and Design of Experiments to balance architectural and technical design factors for energy performance. Automation in Construction. 2018; 86:33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.10.021 [Article] [DOI]
مهدوی نژاد محمدجواد. تبیین الگوی انرژی دوستی در ساختمان ها بر اساس رفتار حرارتی انواع بام ها. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۲؛۳(۲):۴۲-۳۵. [Article] [DOI]
Li D.H, Yang L, Lam J.C. Zero energy buildings and sustainable development implications–A review. Energy. 2013; 54; 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.070 [Article] [DOI]
مهدوی نژاد محمدجواد. در جستجوی معماری سرآمد: ظرفیت های معماری معاصر ایران برای تبدیل به میراثی برای آینده. معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر. 1395؛9(17):129-138. [Article]
Mahdavinejad M, Salehnejad H, Moradi N. An ENVI-met Simulation Study on Influence of Urban Vegetation Congestion on Pollution Dispersion. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 2018 Jan 1;15(2):187-94. https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw-180031 [Article] [DOI]
مهدوی‌نژاد محمدجواد. رویکرد طراحی- مبنا به مصرف هوشمندانه انرژی در نظریه معماری سرآمد. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۹؛ ۱۰(۲): ۷۵-۸۳. [Article]
Ziaee N, Vakilinezhad R. Multi-objective optimization of daylight performance and thermal comfort in classrooms with light-shelves: Case studies in Tehran and Sari, Iran. Energy and Buildings. 2022;254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111590 [Article] [DOI]
مهدوی‌نژاد محمدجواد، مسعودی‌تنکابنی ساناز. خودسایه‌اندازی و بهره‌وری انرژی در الگوی معماری سرآمد، مورد مطالعاتی: فرم کلی ساختمان‌های میان‌مرتبه تهران. معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر. 1397؛11(25):201-208. [Article]
Attarian K, SafarAli Najar B. Defining Sustainability Characteristics for Residential Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate (Case Study: Traditional Houses of Ahwaz). Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2018 Dec 10;8(3):161-170. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1397.8.3.3.9 [Article] [DOI]
میرمعصومی فروغ السادات، صلواتی مرتضی، احمدی فرهاد. ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﻧﻌﮑﺎس ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۷؛۸(۳):۲۰۴-۱۹۵. [Article] [DOI]
Diba D. Contemporary architecture of Iran. Architectural Design. 2012; 82(3):70-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1406 [Article] [DOI]
نوروزیان نرگس. الگوی بومی سازی شده برای ارزیابی کارایی انرژی در ساختمان های شهر تهران. نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی. ۱۳۹۵؛۶(۳):۷۴-۶۳. [Article] [DOI]
Fotros M, Ferdosi M, Mehrpeima H. Investigating the effect of energy intensity and urbanization on environmental degradation in Iran (Collective Analysis). Mohit Shenasi. 2012; 37(60): 13-22. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.10258620.1390.37.60.2.6 [Article] [DOI]
هادیان‌پور محمد، مهدوی‌نژاد محمدجواد، بمانیان محمدرضا، حق‌شناس محمد. ظرفیت‌سنجی به‌کارگیری پوسته‌های دوجداره در طراحی معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران به منظور کاهش مصرف انرژی (نمونه موردی شهر یزد). نشریه هنرهای زیبا- معماری و شهرسازی. 1393؛19(3):29-38. [Article] [DOI]
Susorva I, Tabibzadeh M, Rahman A, Clack L.H, Elnimeiri M. The effect of geometry factors fenestration energy performance and energy savings in office buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2013; 57: 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.035 [Article] [DOI]
Faiazi F, Noorani M, Ghaedi A, Mahdavinejad M. Design an optimum Pattern of Oraientation in Residential Complex by Analyzing the Level of Energy Consumption (Case Study: Maskan Mehr Complexes, Tehran, Iran). International Conference on Green Buildings and Sustainable Cities, Procedia Engineering. 2011; 21: 1179-1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2128 [Article] [DOI]
Mi Z, Guan D, Liu Z, Liu J, Viguié V, Fromer N, Wang Y. Cities: The core of climate change mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019 Jan 10;207:582-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.034 [Article] [DOI]
Avazalipour Haqiqatparast Sh, Taghizadeh Y, Zbihi H. Designing a native pattern in arid climate to reduce energy consumption in housing sector (Case study: Yazd). Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 21(3): 227-236. Available from: https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=532440 [Article] [DOI]
Anonymous. Global Energy Architecture Performance Index. The Ministry of Industries’ and Mines’. 2017; [Persian] Available from: https://mimt.gov.ir/s/mfaKGs [Article]
Shahsavari A, Yazdi FT, Yazdi HT. Potential of solar energy in Iran for carbon dioxide mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019 Jan;16(1):507-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1779-7 [Article] [DOI]
Solaymani S. A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7328. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137328 [Article] [DOI]
Mokhtari L, Mahdavinejad M, Kariminia SH, Kianersi M. The effect of general form and relative compactness of Tehran residential buildings on pollution resulted from heating in winter season. Mohit Shenasi. 2019; 45(2): 253-268. [Persian] https://doi.org/10.22059/jes.2019.267837.1007760 [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M. Bemanian M. Hajian M. Pilechiha P. Usage of Indigenous Architectural Patterns for Manufacturing Industrial Housing, Case: Renovation Project of Odlajan of Tehran, Iran. Advanced Materials Research. 2012; 548: 875-879. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.548.875 [Article] [DOI]
Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Haghshenas M, Kordjamshidi M. Effects of windward and leeward wind directions on outdoor thermal and wind sensation in Tehran. Building and Environment. 2019 Mar 1;150:164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.053 [Article] [DOI]
Schlueter A, Geyer P. Linking BIM and Design of Experiments to balance architectural and technical design factors for energy performance. Automation in Construction. 2018; 86:33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.10.021 [Article] [DOI]
Torabi M, Mahdavinejad M. Past and Future Trends on the Effects of Occupant Behaviour on Building Energy Consumption. J. Sustain. Archit. Civ. Eng. 2021 Oct 27;29(2) 83-101. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28576 [Article] [DOI]
Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Nasrollahi F. Seasonal differences of subjective thermal sensation and neutral temperature in an outdoor shaded space in Tehran, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2018 May 1; 39: 751-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.003 [Article] [DOI]
Mirhashemi, S., Shapourian, S., Ghiabaklou, Z. A New Method of Optimizing Single Glazed Windows. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi. 2010;2(43):43-48. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22286020.1389.2.43.4.5 [Article] [DOI]
Haghshenas M, Hadianpour M, Matzarakis A, Mahdavinejad M, Ansari M. Improving the suitability of selected thermal indices for predicting outdoor thermal sensation in Tehran. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Jul 27:103205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103205 [Article] [DOI]
Fowler K.R, Kelley C.T, Miller C.T, Kees C.E, Darwin R.W, Reese J.P, Reed M.S. Solution of a well-field design problem with implicit filtering. Optimization and Engineering. 2004;5(2):207-234. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:OPTE.0000033375.33183.e7 [Article] [DOI]
Madsen JI, Langthjem M. Multifidelity response surface approximations for the optimum design of diffuser flows. Optimization and Engineering. 2001;2(4):453-468. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016046606831 [Article] [DOI]
Gratia E, De Herde A. Design of low energy office buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2003;35(5):473-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00160-3 [Article] [DOI]
Talaei M, Mahdavinejad M, Azari R, Prieto A, Sangin H. Multi-objective optimization of building-integrated microalgae photobioreactors for energy and daylighting performance. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020 Mar 1;42:102832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102832 [Article] [DOI]
Moazzeni MH, Ghiabaklou Z. Investigating the influence of light shelf geometry parameters on daylight performance and visual comfort, a case study of educational space in Tehran, Iran. Buildings. 2016 Sep;6(3):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings6030026 [Article] [DOI]
Kyu Yi Y, Malkawi, A.M. Optimizing building form for energy performance based on hierarchical geometry relation. Automation in Construction. 2009;18:825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2009.03.006 [Article] [DOI]
Pessenlehner W, Mahdavi A. Building morphology, transparence, and energy performance. Eighth International IBPSA Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands. 2003;1025-1030. www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2003/BS03_1025_1032.pdf [Article]
Araji M T. Surface-to-volume ratio: How building geometry impacts solar energy production and heat gain through envelopes. Sustainable Built Environment Conference. 2019; 012034. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012034 [Article]
Zafarmandi S, Mahdavinejad M. Technology of Modern Windcatchers: A Review. Int. J. Architect. Eng. Urban Plan. 2021 Jul; 31(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.22068/ijaup.31.3.549 [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M, Javanroodi K. Natural ventilation performance of ancient wind catchers, an experimental and analytical study–case studies: one-sided, two-sided and four-sided wind catchers. International journal of energy technology and policy, 2014 Jan 1;10(1):36-60. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETP.2014.065036 [Article] [DOI]
Javanroodi K, Mahdavinejad M, Nik VM. Impacts of urban morphology on reducing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential in hot-arid climate. Applied Energy. 2018; 231: 714-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.116 [Article] [DOI]
Bazazzadeh H, Świt-Jankowska B, Fazeli N, Nadolny A, Safar Ali Najar B, Hashemi Safaei S, Mahdavinejad M. Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran. Energies. 2021 December 8;14(24), 8272. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248272 [Article] [DOI]
Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Asadi S. Folded double-skin façade (DSF): in-depth evaluation of fold influence on the thermal and flow performance in naturally ventilated channels. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 2021 Jun 16:1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2021.1941019 [Article] [DOI]
Valitabar M. Mohammadjavad M. Henry S. Peiman P. A dynamic vertical shading optimisation to improve view, visual comfort and operational energy. Open House International. 2021 Jul 9;46(3):401-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-02-2021-0031 [Article] [DOI]
Eslamirad N, Kolbadinejad SM, Mahdavinejad M, Mehranrad M. Thermal comfort prediction by applying supervised machine learning in green sidewalks of Tehran. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. 2020 Apr 28; 9(4):361-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-03-2019-0028 [Article] [DOI]
Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Larsen OK, Zhang C, Zarkesh A, Asadi S. Evaluating the different boundary conditions to simulate airflow and heat transfer in Double-Skin Facade. Building Simulation. 2021 Sep 16:1-17. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0824-5 [Article] [DOI]
Bolouhari S, Barbera L, Etessam I. Learning Traditional Architecture for Future Energy-Efficient Architecture in the Country; Case Study: Yazd City. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 2020 Sep 10;10(2):85-93. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1399.10.2.3.1 [Article] [DOI]
Fallahtafti R, Mahdavinejad M. Window geometry impact on a room's wind comfort. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 2021 Mar 24;28(9):2381-2410. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0075 [Article] [DOI]
Javanroodi K, Nik VM, Mahdavinejad M. A novel design-based optimization framework for enhancing the energy efficiency of high-rise office buildings in urban areas. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 49:101597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101597 [Article] [DOI]
Rasoolzadeh M, Moshari M. Prioritizing for Healthy Urban Planning: Interaction of Modern Chemistry and Green Material-based Computation. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 May 10;11(1):94-105. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.1.7.0 [Article] [DOI]
Fatahi K, Nasrollahi N, Ansarimanesh M, Khodakarami J, Omranipour A. Comparison of Thermal Comfort Range of Finn Garden and Historical texture of Kashan. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 May 10;11(1):53-63. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.1.4.7 [Article] [DOI]
Matzarakis A, Rutz F, Mayer H. Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. International journal of biometeorology. 2010 Mar 1;54(2):131-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0261-0 [Article] [DOI]