A comparative study of the behavioral realms of Isfahan's historical and contemporary schools using the theory of spatial syntax

Document Type : Analytic Review

Authors
Farzaneh Sadeghi 1
Mohammad Latifi 2
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of the current research is to analyze the configuration and spatial organization in the plan of historical schools of Islamic-Iranian architecture and compare it with new schools in terms of interconnectedness, depth (spatial influence), connection and accessibility.



Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical with logical argumentation and deductive reasoning, as well as simulation with the use of Depth-map software. As case studies, Chaharbagh, Sadr Bazar and Sadr Khajo schools have been selected as historical educational buildings with a high arrangement and integration and uniform configuration, and Saadi and Setare Sobh schools with linear organization have been selected as contemporary educational buildings.



Findings: In Chaharbagh, Sadr Khajo and Sadr Bazar schools, they have the most spatial influence. The factor of difference in these schools is close to one which shows high spatial integration and the same configuration. We can also mention the connection between open space and education. The yard has the most access and is the heart of the configuration. After that, porches and cells have the least amount of access. In contemporary schools, the connection is less than in traditional schools. It can be seen in the combination of entrance, corridor and classroom spaces.



Conclusion: The analysis of the plans and the outlines of the schools from the past to the present shows the changing factors have a great impact on the of difference and the distance from the case study one, which indicates change in organization, the reduction of spatial integration and uneven configuration.

Keywords

Subjects

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Talaei M, Mahdavinejad M, Azari R. Thermal and energy performance of algae bioreactive façades: A review. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020 Mar 1;28:101011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101011 [Article] [DOI]
Talaei M, Mahdavinejad M. Probable cause of damage to the panel of microalgae bioreactor building façade: Hypothetical evaluation. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2019 Jul 1;101:9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.02.060 [Article] [DOI]
Qasemi E, Mahdavinejad M, Aliabadi M, Zarkesh A. Leaf venation patterns as a model for bioinspired fog harvesting. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2020 Oct 20;603:125170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125170 [Article] [DOI]
Mohtashami N, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M. Contribution of city prosperity to decisions on healthy building design: A case study of Tehran. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2016 Sep 1;5(3):319-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2016.06.001 [Article] [DOI]
Hahn H. Logic, mathematics, and knowledge of nature. In Unified Science: The Vienna Circle Monograph Series originally edited by Otto Neurath, now in an English edition 1987 (pp. 24-45). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3865-6_2 [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M, Javanroodi K. Natural ventilation performance of ancient wind catchers, an experimental and analytical study–case studies: one-sided, two-sided and four-sided wind catchers. International journal of energy technology and policy, 2014 Jan 1;10(1):36-60. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETP.2014.065036 [Article] [DOI]
Fakhr BV, Mahdavinejad M, Rahbar M, Dabaj B. Design Optimization of the Skylight for Daylighting and Energy Performance Using NSGA-II. Journal of Daylighting. 2023 May 23;10(1):72-86. (doi: 10.15627/jd.2023.6) Available at: https://solarlits.com/jd/10-72 [Article]
Goharian A, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Daneshjoo K. Designerly optimization of devices (as reflectors) to improve daylight and scrutiny of the light-well’s configuration. Building Simulation. 2021 Oct 9 (pp. 1-24). Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0839-y [Article] [DOI]
Goharian A, Mahdavinejad M. A novel approach to multi-apertures and multi-aspects ratio light pipe. Journal of Daylighting. 2020 Sep 16;7(2):186-200. https://doi.org/10.15627/jd.2020.17 [Article] [DOI]
Tahmouri A, Mansouri B, Azizi S. Iconic Aspect of Technology in Production of Heritage of Contemporary Architecture. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2022 Sep 10;12(3):22-41. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1401.12.3.3.7 [Article]
Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G, Vali K. Influence of permeability ratio on wind-driven ventilation and cooling load of mid-rise buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Jul 1;70:102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102894 [Article] [DOI]
Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G. A study on terraced apartments and their natural ventilation performance in hot and humid regions. Building Simulation. 2018 Apr 1;11(2):359-372. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0407-7
Zafarmandi S, Mahdavinejad M, Norford L, Matzarakis A. Analyzing Thermal Comfort Sensations in Semi-Outdoor Space on a University Campus: On-Site Measurements in Tehran’s Hot and Cold Seasons. Atmosphere. 2022 June 22;13, 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071034 [Article] [DOI]
Yousefian S, Pourjafar M, Moshfeghi M, Mahdavinejad M. Assessing the effects of urban canyon's direction on air flow pattern and CO dispersion using CFD (A case study of Tehran). Italian Journal of Planning Practice. 2021 Nov 16;11(1):101-21. http://www.ijpp.it/index.php/it/article/view/97 [Article]
Torabi M, Mahdavinejad M. Past and Future Trends on the Effects of Occupant Behaviour on Building Energy Consumption. J. Sustain. Archit. Civ. Eng. 2021 Oct 27;29(2) 83-101. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28576 [Article] [DOI]
Torabifar S, Suzanchi K. The Investigation, Classification, and Prioritization of Factors Affecting the Selection of Vertical Greenery Systems as Building Façade and Their Structural Components. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 Apr 10;11(1):64-82. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.1.3.6 [Article]
Sarmadi H, Mahdavinejad M. A designerly approach to Algae-based large open office curtain wall Façades to integrated visual comfort and daylight efficiency. Solar Energy. 2023 Feb 1;251:350-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.01.021 [Article] [DOI]
Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Pourghasemian MH. A new design to create natural ventilation in buildings: Wind chimney. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 Aug 22:105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105041 [Article] [DOI]
Walbe Ornstein S, Chaves B, Leite C, Miranda de Andrade C. Office spaces in São Paulo: post‐occupancy evaluation of a high technology building. Facilities. 1999 Nov 1;17(11):410-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779910291886 [Article] [DOI]
Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Vakilinejad R, Bazazzadeh H, Monfared M. Effects of sea-breeze natural ventilation on thermal comfort in low-rise buildings with diverse atrium roof shapes in BWh regions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2023 Jan 1;41:102638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102638 [Article] [DOI]
Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Zalooli A. Physico-mechanical and Chemical Properties of Coquina Stone Used as Heritage Building Stone in Bushehr, Iran. Geoheritage. 2022 Sep;14(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-022-00738-0 [Article] [DOI]
Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M. Prediction Indoor Thermal Comfort in Traditional Houses of Shiraz with PMV/PPD model. International Journal of Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):8316-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2022.2092774 [Article] [DOI]
Absimetov VE, Solovev DB. The use of effective design solutions and high-tech building materials for reconstructing residential buildings of mass development in 1960-1990. InIOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2020 Feb 1 (Vol. 753, No. 3, p. 032027). IOP Publishing. Available at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/753/3/032027/meta [Article]
Valitabar M. Mohammadjavad M. Henry S. Peiman P. A dynamic vertical shading optimisation to improve view, visual comfort and operational energy. Open House International. 2021 Jul 9;46(3):401-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-02-2021-0031 [Article] [DOI]
Wang CH, Hsu LC. Building exploration and exploitation in the high-tech industry: The role of relationship learning. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2014 Jan 1;81:331-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.04.008 [Article] [DOI]
Mahdavinejad M, Hosseini SA. Data mining and content analysis of the jury citations of the Pritzker Architecture prize (1977–2017). Journal of Architecture and Urbanism. 2019 Feb 1;43(1):71-90. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.5209 [Article] [DOI]
Kasraei MH, Nourian Y, Mahdavinejad M. Girih for domes: analysis of three Iranian domes. Nexus Network Journal. 2016 Apr 1;18(1):311-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-015-0282-4 [Article] [DOI]
Samadzadehyazdi S, Ansari M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemaninan M. Significance of authenticity: learning from best practice of adaptive reuse in the industrial heritage of Iran. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2020 Mar 15;14(3):329-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1542466 [Article] [DOI]
Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Markazi A.H.D., Bemanian M. Architectural layout design through deep learning and agent-based modeling: A hybrid approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 April15; 47, 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103822 [Article] [DOI]
Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Davaie Markazi AH, Hovestadt L. Generating Synthetic Space Allocation Probability Layouts Based on Trained Conditional-GANs. Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2019 Jul 3;33(8):689-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2019.1592919 [Article] [DOI]
Goodarzi P, Ansari M, Mahdavinejad M, Russo A, Haghighatbin M, Rahimian FP. Morphological analysis of historical landscapes based on cultural DNA approach. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. 2023 Sep 1;30:e00277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00277 [Article] [DOI]
Goodarzi P, Ansari M, Rahimian FP, Mahdavinejad M, Park C. Incorporating sparse model machine learning in designing cultural heritage landscapes. Automation in Construction. 2023 Nov 1;155:105058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105058 [Article] [DOI]
Pourzargar M. Posto-Corona Visioning for Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Kahrzak Sugar Factory. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2022 Jan 10;11(4):79-95. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.4.7.6 [Article]
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Mahdavinejad M, Shaeri J, Nezami A, Goharian A. Comparing universal thermal climate index (UTCI) with selected thermal indices to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in traditional courtyards with BWh climate. Urban Climate. 2024 Mar 1;54:101839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101839 [Article] [DOI]
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